Salvia sclarea

Salvia sclarea (clary sage) is primarily utilized as an essential oil and herbal extract rather than a dietary staple, so conventional macronutrient profiling is limited. Dried aerial parts contain modest protein (~8-12% dry weight), carbohydrates (~40-50% dry weight including structural polysaccharides), and low fat content (~3-6% dry weight). Fiber content is notable in dried leaf material (~15-20% dry weight as cellulose and hemicellulose). The dominant nutritional-biochemical significance lies in its bioactive phytochemical profile: the essential oil constitutes approximately 0.1-0.3% of fresh plant weight, with oxygenated monoterpenes comprising 81-88% of that fraction, predominantly linalyl acetate (52-76%) and linalool (7-24%). Secondary terpenoid constituents include α-terpineol (~2-4%), geraniol (~1-3%), and β-caryophyllene (~1-4% as a sesquiterpene). Diterpene compounds including sclareol and sclareolide are present in the resinous exudate at approximately 0.3-0.8% of dry plant mass and are of pharmacological interest. Phenolic compounds include rosmarinic acid, luteolin, and apigenin glycosides at trace levels (~0.1-0.5% dry weight combined). Mineral content in dried herb includes calcium (~1,200-1,800 mg/100g dry weight), potassium (~900-1,200 mg/100g), magnesium (~150-250 mg/100g), and iron (~20-35 mg/100g), though bioavailability is reduced by co-occurring tannins and oxalates. Vitamin content includes modest tocopherols (~15-30 mg/100g dry weight) and trace B-vitamins. Bioavailability of lipophilic terpenoids (linalool, sclareol) is enhanced via lipid co-administration; phenolic bioavailability remains poorly characterized clinically.