Ingredient Encyclopedia

Vitex agnus-castus contains diterpenes and flavonoids that modulate dopamine receptors to reduce prolactin secretion. This hormonal rebalancing effect alleviates PMS symptoms and regulates menstrual cycles.

Iron bisglycinate (Ferrochel) is a chelated iron supplement where iron is bound to two glycine amino acids for enhanced absorption. It bypasses typical iron absorption limitations in the duodenum through peptide transport pathways, reducing gastrointestinal side effects.

Stearic acid (C18:0) is an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid that forms protective lipid barriers in cell membranes and skin. It modulates cholesterol metabolism through hepatic lipase activity and supports membrane fluidity regulation.

Kava kava contains kavalactones that modulate GABA neurotransmission and inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels, producing anxiolytic and sedative effects. The root extract demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties through COX-I and COX-II enzyme inhibition at concentrations of 100 μg/mL.

Wellmune is a patented beta-1,3/1,6-glucan derived from baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that enhances immune function by activating macrophages and natural killer cells. Clinical studies demonstrate it reduces cold incidence by 23% and decreases upper respiratory infection severity.

Achiote (Bixa orellana) seeds contain the carotenoid bixin and δ-tocotrienol, which scavenge reactive oxygen species and inhibit lipid peroxidation through hydrogen donation mechanisms. These compounds demonstrate antioxidant activity with ABTS SC₅₀ of 61.49 µg/mL and protective effects against oxidative cellular damage.

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) is a European herb containing parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone that demonstrates Fe²⁺-chelating activity and anti-inflammatory properties. The herb also provides flavonoids including luteolin (0.84% d.w.) and apigenin (0.68% d.w.) that contribute to its antioxidant mechanisms.

HMB (Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methylbutyrate) is a leucine metabolite that reduces muscle protein breakdown through inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It activates the mTOR signaling pathway to enhance muscle protein synthesis and accelerate recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage.