Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 (LactoSpore)

Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 (LactoSpore) is a spore-forming probiotic bacterium and does not contribute meaningful macronutrients or micronutrients in the quantities typically used in supplementation (1–2 billion CFU per serving, approximately 15–30 mg of cell mass). Key bioactive components include: (1) Lactic acid produced via homofermentative metabolism — L(+)-lactic acid is the primary metabolic output, contributing to gut acidification and pathogen inhibition; (2) Spore coat proteins — dipicolinic acid (DPA) complexed with calcium forms the heat-stable spore core, comprising approximately 5–15% of dry spore weight, contributing to its exceptional stability at temperatures up to 90°C; (3) Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) — antimicrobial peptides produced during germination that inhibit competing pathogens; (4) Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) — acetate and lactate are produced post-germination in the colon, supporting colonocyte energy metabolism; (5) Exopolysaccharides (EPS) — immunomodulatory surface carbohydrates that interact with gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT); (6) Enzymes including amylase, protease, and lipase secreted during active growth, supporting macronutrient digestion. Bioavailability note: The spore form ensures approximately 80–85% survivability through gastric acid and bile salts (pH 2–3 tolerance confirmed), with germination and metabolic activity initiating in the small intestine. Viable cell recovery in the colon is significantly higher than non-spore-forming probiotics. No caloric, vitamin, or mineral contribution is considered clinically significant at standard supplemental doses.