Leaf & Herb · Other

Sambucus Nigra (Elderberry)

Provisional Moderate Scorebotanical

Hermetica Superfood Encyclopedia

Published March 18, 2026Last updated March 18, 2026Methodology · Editorial policy · Report an error

Evidence review status: unreviewed

Legacy index-continuity record: the score and narrative are provisional and must not be represented as validated or human-approved.

Review flags: AWAITING_SEMANTIC_VALIDATION

Provisional Summary

Sambucus nigra (elderberry) contains anthocyanins and flavonoids that support immune function by enhancing cytokine production and inhibiting viral replication. Research demonstrates elderberry extract can reduce cold and flu symptom duration by 2-4 days through antiviral mechanisms.

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Screened PMID Records

Reported Benefits

Pending

Synergy Review

At a Glance

CategoryLeaf & Herb

GroupOther

Public Score StatusProvisional Moderate

Primary Keywordelderberry benefits

Sambucus Nigra close-up macro showing natural texture and detail — rich in antiviral, immunomodulatory, antioxidant

Sambucus Nigra (Elderberry) — botanical close-up

Reported Benefits (Provisional)

Boosts immune system function by increasing cytokine production

This enhances the body's ability to fight off infections. - Reduces cold and flu symptoms by inhibiting viral replication. This leads to faster recovery and reduced severity of symptoms. - Contains antioxidants like flavonoids that protect cells from oxidative stress. This supports overall cellular health and longevity. - Supports heart health by reducing inflammation and oxidative damage. This can lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases. - Promotes skin health by reducing inflammation and oxidative damage. This can lead to clearer, more youthful-looking skin. - Enhances respiratory health by reducing mucus production and congestion. This provides relief from symptoms of respiratory infections. - May improve mood by modulating neurotransmitter activity. This can lead to reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Origin & History

Natural habitat

Sambucus Nigra, commonly known as elderberry, is a flowering plant native to Europe. The berries and flowers are harvested and processed to produce extracts rich in anthocyanins and flavonoids.

“Used for centuries in European folk medicine to treat colds, flu, and other ailments. Revered for its healing properties in various cultural traditions.”Traditional Medicine

Research Narrative (Provisional)

Several RCTs and meta-analyses have confirmed elderberry's role in reducing the duration and severity of cold and flu symptoms. In vitro studies highlight its antioxidant properties.

Preparation & Dosage

Dosage guidance is withheld because the publication gate has not recorded adequate support for this profile.

Nutritional Profile

- High in anthocyanins, which provide antioxidant effects. - Contains vitamins A, B, and C. - Rich in dietary fiber and phenolic acids.

Reported Mechanism (Provisional)

Mechanism of Action

Elderberry's anthocyanins, particularly cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside, enhance immune cell activation and increase production of inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The extract inhibits neuraminidase enzymes in influenza viruses, preventing viral attachment and replication in respiratory epithelial cells. Flavonoids like quercetin and rutin provide additional antioxidant protection by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress.

Clinical Narrative (Provisional)

Multiple randomized controlled trials with 60-312 participants show elderberry extract (300-600mg daily) reduces cold and flu symptom duration by 2-4 days compared to placebo. A 2019 meta-analysis of 180 participants found significant reduction in upper respiratory symptoms when taken within 48 hours of onset. Most studies use standardized extracts containing 14-38% anthocyanins, though optimal dosing protocols remain under investigation. Evidence is strongest for symptom reduction rather than prevention.

Also Known As

Sambucus nigraBlack ElderEuropean ElderCommon ElderElderPipe TreeBore TreeElderflower

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These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This content is for informational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

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