Hermetica Superfood Encyclopedia
Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium) contains berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid that demonstrates antimicrobial activity against Candida, H. pylori, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The herb exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through lipoxygenase inhibition and has been traditionally used by Pacific Northwest tribes for skin conditions.
Origin & History
Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium) is a perennial evergreen shrub native to the Pacific Northwest of North America, featuring holly-like leaves, yellow flowers, and blue-purple berries. The medicinal parts are primarily the root and root bark, which contain isoquinoline alkaloids, particularly berberine, and are traditionally extracted via tinctures, decoctions, or propylene glycol extracts.
Scientific Research
The research dossier reveals a notable absence of human clinical trials, RCTs, or meta-analyses specifically for Mahonia aquifolium. The only study referenced (PMC10830684) examined Oregon grape root extracts in cell models (Caco-2, MDCKII) for P-glycoprotein inhibition, demonstrating reduced transport of cyclosporine A and digoxin at concentrations of 0.05-1 mg/mL, but this remains in vitro data without clinical validation.
Preparation & Dosage
Traditional tincture preparation uses 10g crushed bark in 100ml vodka, taken as 5-15 drops diluted in water. No clinically studied dosage ranges are available from human trials. In vitro studies used extracts at 0.05-1 mg/mL concentrations. Consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.
Nutritional Profile
{"macronutrients": {"fiber": "Approximately 2.5 grams per 100 grams of fresh berries", "protein": "Approximately 1 gram per 100 grams of fresh berries"}, "micronutrients": {"vitamin_C": "Approximately 10 mg per 100 grams of fresh berries", "vitamin_A": "Present in small amounts, primarily as beta-carotene", "iron": "Approximately 0.3 mg per 100 grams of fresh berries", "calcium": "Approximately 20 mg per 100 grams of fresh berries"}, "bioactive_compounds": {"berberine": "Concentration varies, typically around 0.5-3% in root and bark extracts", "palmatine": "Present in smaller quantities compared to berberine", "oxyacanthine": "Present in trace amounts"}, "bioavailability_notes": "Berberine has low oral bioavailability, but its effects are enhanced through enterohepatic recirculation. The bioavailability of vitamins and minerals may be influenced by the presence of other dietary components."}
How It Works
Oregon grape's primary bioactive compound berberine disrupts bacterial cell membrane integrity and inhibits DNA gyrase in pathogenic microorganisms. The alkaloid also blocks lipoxygenase enzymes, reducing inflammatory mediator production including leukotrienes. Additional isoquinoline alkaloids like palmatine and canadine contribute to antimicrobial activity through similar membrane disruption mechanisms.
Clinical Evidence
Preclinical studies demonstrate Oregon grape extract inhibits Candida albicans growth at concentrations of 125-250 μg/mL and shows activity against Helicobacter pylori. In vitro research confirms effectiveness against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. However, human clinical trials are lacking, with evidence limited to traditional use reports and laboratory studies. Current research focuses primarily on topical applications for skin conditions rather than systemic antimicrobial effects.
Safety & Interactions
Oregon grape is generally well-tolerated topically but may cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Internal use can cause gastrointestinal upset, nausea, and diarrhea at higher doses. Berberine may interact with blood glucose medications and antibiotics, potentially enhancing their effects. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid internal use due to insufficient safety data and potential uterine stimulant properties.
Also Known As
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the active compound in Oregon grape?
How much berberine is in Oregon grape root?
Can Oregon grape treat yeast infections?
Is Oregon grape safe during pregnancy?
What's the difference between Oregon grape and barberry?
Does Oregon grape interact with antibiotics or antimicrobial medications?
What form of Oregon grape supplement is most bioavailable—extract, tincture, or powder?
Who should avoid Oregon grape supplementation, and are there specific populations at higher risk?
Conditions This May Help
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