# Shyonak (Oroxylum indicum)

**Canonical URL:** https://ingredients.hermeticasuperfoods.com/ingredients/shyonak
**Data Source:** Hermetica Superfoods Ingredient Encyclopedia
**Updated:** 2026-03-27
**Evidence Score:** 4 / 10
**Category:** Ayurveda
**Also Known As:** Oroxylum indicum, Indian Trumpet Tree, Broken Bones Plant, Scythe Tree, Tree of Damocles, Midnight Horror, Aralu, Totila, Bhutavriksha, Kutannata, Dirghavrinta

## Overview

Shyonak (Oroxylum indicum) is an Ayurvedic tree whose bark contains oroxin A, a bioactive compound that activates PPARγ receptors for blood sugar regulation. The plant demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of [inflammatory pathway](/ingredients/condition/inflammation)s in preclinical studies.

## Health Benefits

• [Anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) effects demonstrated in animal models using root and stem bark decoctions (preclinical evidence)
• Blood sugar regulation through PPARγ activation by oroxin A, showing potential for prediabetes prevention (preclinical evidence)
• Respiratory support for conditions like cough, bronchitis, and asthma (traditional use, systematic review support)
• Gastrointestinal health benefits for diarrhea and dysentery (traditional use, moderately to strongly supported by ethnopharmacological data)
• Potential anti-cancer properties shown through cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells (in vitro evidence only)

## Mechanism of Action

Shyonak's primary bioactive compound oroxin A activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), improving glucose metabolism and [insulin sensitivity](/ingredients/condition/weight-management). The root and stem bark contain flavonoids and phenolic compounds that inhibit [pro-inflammatory cytokine](/ingredients/condition/inflammation)s like TNF-α and IL-6. Additional compounds including baicalein and chrysin contribute to respiratory support by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle.

## Clinical Summary

Current evidence for Shyonak is limited to preclinical animal studies and in vitro research. Animal models using root and stem bark decoctions showed significant [anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) effects with reduced inflammatory markers. Laboratory studies demonstrated PPARγ activation by oroxin A, suggesting potential for prediabetes prevention, but human clinical trials are lacking. Traditional use supports respiratory benefits, though controlled human studies are needed to confirm therapeutic efficacy and optimal dosing.

## Nutritional Profile

Shyonak (Oroxylum indicum) is primarily used as a medicinal herb rather than a dietary food source, so macronutrient data is limited; however, the following is documented: Bioactive flavonoids are the most extensively characterized constituents — baicalein (present in stem bark at approximately 0.1–0.5% dry weight), baicalin, oroxin A (oroxylin A-7-glucuronide), oroxin B, chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone, ~0.2–0.8% in seeds and root bark), and scutellarein. Seeds contain fixed oils (approximately 20–25% by weight) rich in unsaturated fatty acids including oleic and linoleic acid. Tetuin (a flavone glycoside) and ellagic acid are present in the bark. Alkaloids including oroxindin are reported in minor concentrations (<0.1%). The stem bark contains tannins (~3–8% dry weight) and bitter principles contributing to its astringent profile. Mineral content is not well-characterized in standardized studies, though traditional preparations using bark decoctions would yield water-soluble phenolics and glycosides at biologically active concentrations. Dietary fiber content of bark powder is estimated at 15–25% dry weight based on structural carbohydrate composition. Protein content is low (<5% dry weight in bark). Bioavailability note: Oroxin A undergoes intestinal hydrolysis to release oroxylin A, which is the bioactive aglycone responsible for PPARγ activation; chrysin has limited oral bioavailability (~1%) in humans due to poor absorption and extensive conjugation, though co-administration with piperine has been shown to enhance absorption. Baicalein demonstrates moderate bioavailability with peak plasma concentrations achievable via decoction preparations.

## Dosage & Preparation

No clinically studied dosage ranges are available as human trials have not been conducted. Traditional Ayurvedic use involves powdered root bark or stem bark as part of multi-herb formulations like Dashamoola, but specific quantities are not standardized in available sources. Consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.

## Safety & Drug Interactions

Shyonak appears generally well-tolerated in traditional use, but comprehensive safety data is limited. The herb may potentiate blood sugar-lowering medications due to its glucose-regulating effects, requiring monitoring in diabetic patients. Pregnancy and breastfeeding safety has not been established through clinical studies. No specific drug interactions have been documented, but caution is advised when combining with [anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) medications or blood thinners.

## Scientific Research

No human clinical trials, RCTs, or meta-analyses were identified for Shyonak. Current evidence is limited to preclinical studies including in vitro [antimicrobial](/ingredients/condition/immune-support) and cytotoxic effects, and animal models demonstrating [anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) and anti-arthritic activity. A systematic review of ethnopharmacological data supports traditional uses but notes the absence of modern clinical trials.

## Historical & Cultural Context

Shyonak has been used in Ayurveda for over 2,000 years, documented in classical texts like Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita as an antiseptic and astringent. As one of the ten roots in Dashamoola formulations, it has traditionally treated vata-related pain, respiratory issues, arthritis, and gastrointestinal problems. Historical applications include using different plant parts for specific conditions: root bark as a blood purifier, seeds for constipation and fertility, and fruit for heart and gynecological issues.

## Synergistic Combinations

Dashamoola herbs, Ashwagandha, Turmeric, Boswellia, Ginger

## Frequently Asked Questions

### What is the active compound in Shyonak?

Oroxin A is the primary bioactive compound in Shyonak responsible for blood sugar regulation through PPARγ activation. The bark also contains flavonoids like baicalein and chrysin that contribute to anti-inflammatory effects.

### How much Shyonak should I take daily?

Traditional Ayurvedic texts suggest 3-6 grams of bark powder daily, but standardized clinical dosing has not been established. Most preclinical studies used decoctions equivalent to 500-1000mg of dried extract per day.

### Can Shyonak help with diabetes?

Animal studies show Shyonak's oroxin A activates PPARγ receptors, improving glucose metabolism and potentially preventing prediabetes. However, human clinical trials are needed to confirm effectiveness for diabetes management.

### Is Shyonak safe during pregnancy?

Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been established through clinical studies. Traditional Ayurvedic use suggests caution, and pregnant women should consult healthcare providers before use.

### What part of Shyonak plant is used medicinally?

The root and stem bark are the primary medicinal parts used in Ayurvedic preparations. These contain the highest concentrations of oroxin A and other bioactive compounds responsible for therapeutic effects.

### Does Shyonak interact with diabetes medications or blood sugar-lowering drugs?

Shyonak may have additive blood sugar-lowering effects due to its PPARγ activation properties, particularly with medications like metformin or insulin. Concurrent use should be monitored by a healthcare provider to avoid hypoglycemia risk. Blood glucose levels should be checked regularly if combining Shyonak with prescription diabetes medications.

### What is the difference between Shyonak root extract and stem bark for respiratory health?

Both root and stem bark of Oroxylum indicum are traditionally used for respiratory support, though stem bark is more commonly featured in traditional respiratory formulations. The stem bark contains concentrated compounds that support cough relief and bronchial comfort, while root preparations are often used for broader anti-inflammatory benefits. Systematic reviews support both forms for respiratory conditions, but stem bark may offer more targeted respiratory benefits.

### Who should avoid Shyonak supplementation, and are there specific populations at higher risk for adverse effects?

Individuals on blood sugar-lowering medications, those with severe liver or kidney disease, and people allergic to plants in the Bignoniaceae family should consult a healthcare provider before use. Children and the elderly should use Shyonak only under professional guidance, as safety data in these populations is limited. Breastfeeding women should avoid Shyonak due to insufficient safety data.

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