Pycnogenol (Skin)

Pycnogenol is a standardized extract derived from the bark of the French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster). It is not a conventional food and therefore lacks a traditional macronutrient profile (negligible calories, protein, fat, and carbohydrates per typical dose). Its value lies entirely in its bioactive compound content. Key constituents include: Procyanidins (oligomeric proanthocyanidins / OPCs): 65–75% of the extract by weight, primarily composed of catechin and epicatechin subunits linked in oligomeric chains (dimers through heptamers); these are the principal antioxidant and collagen-supporting compounds. Monomeric flavonoids: catechin (~2–6%), epicatechin (~1–4%), and taxifolin (dihydroquercetin, ~1–5%). Phenolic acids: caffeic acid (~1–3%), ferulic acid (~0.5–2%), and protocatechuic acid (trace amounts). Bioflavonoid glycosides: trace quantities of quercetin and other flavonol glycosides. Typical supplemental dose for skin health is 50–150 mg/day. At 100 mg, this delivers approximately 65–75 mg of OPCs, ~3–5 mg catechin, ~2–4 mg taxifolin, and ~1–3 mg caffeic acid. Bioavailability notes: OPCs and monomeric catechins are relatively well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract; studies show peak plasma concentrations within 1–2 hours post-ingestion. The smaller oligomers (dimers, trimers) have higher bioavailability than larger polymeric forms. Metabolite M1 (δ-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone) produced by gut microbiota from larger procyanidins is bioactive and contributes to systemic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects relevant to skin. Pycnogenol does not contribute meaningful amounts of vitamins or minerals. Its ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) value is exceptionally high among botanical extracts, estimated at approximately 2,400–3,500 µmol TE/g, underscoring its potent antioxidant capacity relevant to skin photoprotection and anti-aging.