# Polygonum (Polygonum multiflorum)

**Canonical URL:** https://ingredients.hermeticasuperfoods.com/ingredients/polygonum
**Data Source:** Hermetica Superfoods Ingredient Encyclopedia
**Updated:** 2026-03-19
**Evidence Score:** 4 / 10
**Category:** Traditional Chinese Medicine
**Also Known As:** Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., He Shou Wu, Heshouwu, Fo-Ti, Chinese Knotweed, Fleeceflower Root, Chinese Cornbind

## Overview

Polygonum multiflorum contains stilbene glycosides and anthraquinones that modulate [oxidative stress](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) pathways and hair follicle [metabolism](/ingredients/condition/weight-management). Clinical studies demonstrate 71.25% effectiveness in vascular dementia patients and significant [hair growth](/ingredients/condition/skin-health) promotion through dermal papilla cell activation.

## Health Benefits

• May support [cognitive function](/ingredients/condition/cognitive) in vascular dementia - one clinical trial showed 71.25% effectiveness rate in patients
• Promotes [hair growth](/ingredients/condition/skin-health) and extends growth phase - cell culture studies showed increased dermal papilla cell viability and reversal of DHT effects
• Protects melanocytes from [oxidative stress](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) - ex vivo studies demonstrated protection against hydrogen peroxide damage
• Exhibits [anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) effects - Phase I trial of STD07 extract showed good tolerability up to 250mg/day
• May provide neuroprotection - preclinical evidence suggests benefits through reducing oxidative damage and promoting neurogenesis

## Mechanism of Action

Stilbene glycosides in Polygonum multiflorum activate [antioxidant](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) enzyme systems and modulate [inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) cytokines. The compound 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside enhances dermal papilla cell viability and counteracts DHT-induced hair follicle miniaturization. Anthraquinones support melanocyte function by reducing oxidative damage to cellular membranes.

## Clinical Summary

One clinical trial demonstrated 71.25% effectiveness in vascular dementia patients, though sample size and methodology details are limited. Cell culture studies show dermal papilla cell viability increases and reversal of dihydro[testosterone](/ingredients/condition/hormonal) effects on hair follicles. Additional research on melanocyte protection exists but clinical translation remains unclear. Current evidence is preliminary and requires larger controlled trials for definitive therapeutic claims.

## Nutritional Profile

Polygonum multiflorum (He Shou Wu) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine herb valued primarily for its bioactive compounds rather than macronutrient content. **Key Bioactive Compounds:** • **Stilbene glycosides:** 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) is the principal active marker compound, typically present at 1.0–7.0% in processed root (standardized to ≥1.0% per Chinese Pharmacopoeia); exhibits potent [antioxidant](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) and [neuroprotective](/ingredients/condition/cognitive) activity. • **Anthraquinones:** Emodin (0.1–1.5%), physcion, rhein, chrysophanol, and their glycosides; raw (unprocessed) root contains higher anthraquinone content (~1.0–3.0%) compared to processed root (~0.2–0.8%); emodin is associated with both [hepatoprotective](/ingredients/condition/detox) effects and dose-dependent hepatotoxicity. • **Tannins:** Condensed tannins including catechin, epicatechin, and gallic acid derivatives (~3–5% of dried root); contribute to astringent properties and antioxidant capacity. • **Phospholipids:** Lecithin present at approximately 1.2–3.7%, which may contribute to lipid [metabolism](/ingredients/condition/weight-management) and cognitive support effects. • **Polyphenols:** Total polyphenol content approximately 5–12% (varies by processing method); includes gallic acid, catechin, and proanthocyanidins. • **Polysaccharides:** Water-soluble polysaccharides approximately 4–10% of dried root; exhibit [immunomodulatory](/ingredients/condition/immune-support) and [prebiotic](/ingredients/condition/gut-health) properties. **Minerals (per dried root):** Iron (~15–50 mg/100g), zinc (~3–8 mg/100g), manganese (~2–6 mg/100g), selenium (trace amounts ~0.01–0.05 mg/100g); iron and zinc content may contribute to traditional claims of blood-nourishing properties. **Other constituents:** Small amounts of starch (~20–45%), crude protein (~5–10%), crude fiber (~8–15%), and trace lipids (~1–3%). **Bioavailability Notes:** TSG has moderate oral bioavailability (~30–40% in animal models) with rapid absorption (Tmax ~0.5–1 hour) but undergoes significant first-pass metabolism and glucuronidation. Emodin has relatively low oral bioavailability (~7–10%) due to poor aqueous solubility and extensive hepatic metabolism via glucuronidation and sulfation. Processing (steaming with black bean juice, 'Zhi He Shou Wu') significantly reduces free anthraquinone content (reducing hepatotoxicity risk) while preserving or concentrating stilbene glycosides and polysaccharides. Raw unprocessed root has a laxative profile due to higher anthraquinone glycoside content, while processed root is considered tonic and safer for long-term use.

## Dosage & Preparation

Clinically studied dosages include STD07 (Physcion extract) at up to 250mg/day orally for 14 days, and Shouwu yizhi capsules for vascular dementia (specific dose not provided in trials). Processing methods like steaming or fermentation are used to reduce hepatotoxicity. Consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.

## Safety & Drug Interactions

Polygonum multiflorum may cause hepatotoxicity, particularly with processed forms containing higher anthraquinone concentrations. The herb can interact with warfarin and other anticoagulants due to its effects on blood clotting mechanisms. Contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential teratogenic compounds. Patients with liver disease should avoid use, and regular [liver function](/ingredients/condition/detox) monitoring is recommended during supplementation.

## Scientific Research

Clinical evidence remains limited, with a randomized trial in vascular dementia showing 71.25% effectiveness rate using Shouwu yizhi capsules. A Phase I trial of STD07 (Physcion extract) demonstrated safety at doses up to 250mg/day for 14 days in healthy volunteers. Most evidence comes from in vitro and animal studies rather than large human trials, as noted by researchers citing lack of economic incentives for herbal research.

## Historical & Cultural Context

Polygonum multiflorum is a popular traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of clinical use in China, traditionally used for treating dyslipidemia and neurodegenerative diseases. The herb has also been traditionally used for hair health and pigmentation, which aligns with modern research findings.

## Synergistic Combinations

Ginkgo biloba, Lion's Mane mushroom, Bacopa monnieri, Rhodiola rosea, Phosphatidylserine

## Frequently Asked Questions

### What is the effective dosage of Polygonum multiflorum for hair growth?

Studies typically use 3-9 grams daily of processed root extract. Cell culture research suggests optimal dermal papilla cell effects occur at concentrations of 10-100 μg/mL of stilbene compounds.

### How long does it take to see hair growth results from Polygonum multiflorum?

Based on hair growth cycle physiology, initial effects may appear after 3-4 months of consistent use. Dermal papilla cell studies show increased viability within 24-72 hours, but clinical hair density changes require longer observation periods.

### Can Polygonum multiflorum cause liver damage?

Yes, hepatotoxicity cases have been reported, particularly with processed forms containing concentrated anthraquinones. Risk increases with higher doses and prolonged use exceeding 6 months without monitoring.

### What is the difference between raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum?

Raw form contains higher stilbene glycoside concentrations for antioxidant effects, while processed (steamed with black beans) increases anthraquinone content but may elevate hepatotoxicity risk. Traditional Chinese medicine uses processed forms for hair and aging concerns.

### Does Polygonum multiflorum interact with blood thinning medications?

Yes, it can potentiate anticoagulant effects of warfarin and similar medications by affecting vitamin K metabolism and platelet function. Patients on blood thinners should avoid use or require close INR monitoring.

### What does clinical research show about Polygonum multiflorum's effectiveness for cognitive function?

Clinical studies on Polygonum multiflorum for vascular dementia have demonstrated a 71.25% effectiveness rate in improving cognitive symptoms. The herb's neuroprotective effects are believed to stem from its ability to support vascular function and reduce oxidative stress in brain tissue. However, most evidence comes from traditional Chinese medicine research, and larger Western clinical trials are needed to fully establish efficacy and optimal protocols.

### Is Polygonum multiflorum safe for long-term use?

While Polygonum multiflorum has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, long-term safety depends heavily on whether you use raw or processed forms—processed versions are generally considered safer for extended use. Liver function monitoring is recommended for anyone using this ingredient chronically, particularly those with pre-existing liver conditions or taking hepatotoxic medications. Consultation with a healthcare provider before starting long-term supplementation is advisable.

### Who should avoid taking Polygonum multiflorum supplements?

Individuals with existing liver disease, liver dysfunction, or hepatitis should avoid Polygonum multiflorum unless under medical supervision, as raw preparations carry hepatotoxic risk. Pregnant and nursing women should avoid this ingredient due to insufficient safety data in these populations. Additionally, people taking anticoagulants, immunosuppressants, or those with hypersensitivity to Polygonaceae family plants should consult healthcare providers before use.

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