# Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian Borage) **Canonical URL:** https://ingredients.hermeticasuperfoods.com/ingredients/plectranthus-amboinicus **Data Source:** Hermetica Superfoods Ingredient Encyclopedia **Updated:** 2026-03-19 **Evidence Score:** 4 / 10 **Category:** Ayurveda **Also Known As:** Coleus amboinicus, Cuban oregano, Mexican mint, Spanish thyme, Country borage, Soup mint, Big thyme, Ajwain patta ## Overview Plectranthus amboinicus is an aromatic herb containing rosmarinic acid and carvacrol as primary bioactive compounds. These compounds provide antioxidant activity through [free radical scaveng](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant)ing and demonstrate antibacterial effects by disrupting bacterial cell membranes. ## Health Benefits • Antioxidant activity demonstrated through DPPH [free radical scaveng](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant)ing and superoxide anion radical scavenging (preliminary laboratory evidence only) • Antibacterial effects shown in food preservation studies with 40-95% cell constituent leakage in bacteria (in vitro evidence only) • Antiplatelet aggregation properties observed in stem extract studies (preliminary laboratory evidence only) • Antiproliferative effects against cancer cell lines including Caco-2, HCT-15, and MCF-7 (in vitro evidence only) • Traditional use for various medicinal purposes in Indian herbal medicine systems (traditional evidence only) ## Mechanism of Action The primary bioactive compounds rosmarinic acid and carvacrol in Plectranthus amboinicus neutralize DPPH [free radical](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant)s and superoxide anions through electron donation. Carvacrol disrupts bacterial cell membrane integrity by causing 40-95% cell constituent leakage. These compounds also inhibit platelet aggregation through interference with arachidonic acid pathways. ## Clinical Summary Current evidence for Plectranthus amboinicus is limited to preliminary in vitro studies. Laboratory studies demonstrate DPPH [free radical scaveng](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant)ing activity and superoxide anion radical neutralization. Food preservation studies show 40-95% bacterial cell constituent leakage indicating antibacterial effects. No human clinical trials have been conducted to establish therapeutic dosages or clinical efficacy. ## Nutritional Profile Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian Borage) leaves contain moisture (~85-90% fresh weight basis). Macronutrients per 100g dry weight: crude protein ~10-14g, crude fat ~4-6g, crude fiber ~8-12g, carbohydrates ~45-55g, ash ~8-10g. Key micronutrients include calcium (~1,200-1,800mg/100g dry weight, notably high), iron (~15-20mg/100g dry weight), potassium (~500-700mg/100g dry weight), magnesium (~200-300mg/100g dry weight), and phosphorus (~150-250mg/100g dry weight). Vitamin C content is moderate (~40-60mg/100g fresh weight). Primary bioactive compounds include: carvacrol (major volatile constituent, ~35-50% of essential oil), thymol (~15-25% of essential oil), p-cymene (~10-15% of essential oil), gamma-terpinene (~5-10%), and beta-caryophyllene (~3-7%). Non-volatile bioactives include rosmarinic acid, luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, and salvigenin as documented flavonoids. Phenolic acids include caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. Essential oil yield from fresh leaves is approximately 0.05-0.2% v/w. Bioavailability note: fat-soluble terpenoid compounds (carvacrol, thymol) show enhanced absorption when consumed with dietary fat; polyphenol bioavailability may be limited by leaf matrix binding, with aqueous extracts showing moderate phenolic release (~15-30mg GAE/g dry weight total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu assay). ## Dosage & Preparation No clinically studied dosage ranges for human use are available. The research only provides minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for laboratory antibacterial studies and extract concentrations for food preservation, which are not applicable to human therapeutic dosing. Consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement. ## Safety & Drug Interactions Safety data for Plectranthus amboinicus supplementation is limited due to lack of human studies. The herb's antiplatelet activity may theoretically increase bleeding risk when combined with anticoagulant medications like warfarin. No specific contraindications or side effects have been documented in available literature. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid use due to insufficient safety data. ## Scientific Research No human clinical trials, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), or meta-analyses were found in the provided research. All available evidence consists of in vitro laboratory studies examining [antioxidant](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant), antibacterial, and antiproliferative properties in cell cultures and food systems. ## Historical & Cultural Context P. amboinicus is recognized as a traditional Indian medicinal plant used in herbal remedies. The plant has been employed in traditional medicine systems for its reported antibacterial, anticancerous, and antiplatelet properties, though specific historical duration and detailed traditional applications are not documented in available sources. ## Synergistic Combinations Other [antioxidant](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) herbs, Traditional Ayurvedic herbs, Phenolic-rich botanicals, Essential oil herbs, Mediterranean herbs with carvacrol/thymol ## Frequently Asked Questions ### What is the active compound in Plectranthus amboinicus? The primary active compounds are rosmarinic acid and carvacrol. These phenolic compounds are responsible for the antioxidant and antibacterial properties demonstrated in laboratory studies. ### How strong is the antibacterial effect of Indian borage? In vitro studies show Indian borage causes 40-95% cell constituent leakage in bacteria. This indicates significant antibacterial activity, though human studies are needed to confirm clinical effectiveness. ### Can Plectranthus amboinicus help with blood clotting? Laboratory evidence suggests antiplatelet activity that may reduce blood clotting. However, this could increase bleeding risk and requires medical supervision if taking blood-thinning medications. ### Is there clinical proof that Indian borage works? No human clinical trials exist for Plectranthus amboinicus. Current evidence is limited to preliminary laboratory studies showing antioxidant and antibacterial effects in test tubes. ### What is the recommended dosage for Plectranthus amboinicus? No standardized dosage exists due to lack of human studies. Traditional use varies widely, but scientific dosing guidelines cannot be established without clinical trial data. ### Is Plectranthus amboinicus safe to take with blood thinners like warfarin or aspirin? Plectranthus amboinicus contains antiplatelet aggregation compounds that may have additive effects when combined with blood thinners or antiplatelet medications. Limited clinical data exists on potential drug interactions, so medical supervision is recommended before combining Indian borage with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs. Individuals taking warfarin, aspirin, or similar medications should consult their healthcare provider before supplementing with this ingredient. ### Is Indian borage safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding? Safety data for Plectranthus amboinicus during pregnancy and lactation is insufficient, and the ingredient is not recommended for use in these populations without medical guidance. The antiplatelet and antioxidant properties, while potentially beneficial in general populations, have not been evaluated in pregnant or nursing women. Pregnant and breastfeeding individuals should consult their healthcare provider before using this herb. ### What is the difference between Indian borage leaf, stem extract, and essential oil forms? Plectranthus amboinicus stem extracts have been specifically studied for antiplatelet aggregation properties, while whole leaf preparations are traditionally used for respiratory and digestive support. Essential oil composition and bioavailability differ significantly from water or alcohol extracts, which may affect therapeutic outcomes. The most researched form is the stem extract, though whole leaf preparations remain common in traditional medicine applications. --- *Source: Hermetica Superfoods Ingredient Encyclopedia — https://ingredients.hermeticasuperfoods.com* *License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — Attribution required. Commercial use: admin@hermeticasuperfoods.com*