# Pegagan (Centella asiatica)

**Canonical URL:** https://ingredients.hermeticasuperfoods.com/ingredients/pegagan
**Data Source:** Hermetica Superfoods Ingredient Encyclopedia
**Updated:** 2026-03-19
**Evidence Score:** 8 / 10
**Category:** Southeast Asian
**Also Known As:** Centella asiatica, Gotu kola, Indian pennywort, Brahmi, Mandookparni, Asiatic pennywort, Tiger grass, Antanan

## Overview

Centella asiatica contains triterpene saponoids including asiaticoside and madecassoside that may support wound healing and [cognitive function](/ingredients/condition/cognitive). This traditional Jamu ingredient has limited clinical evidence but shows preliminary bioactivity in laboratory studies.

## Health Benefits

• Limited clinical evidence available - extraction methods documented but human trials not provided in research
• Traditional use in Jamu medicine system (evidence quality: Traditional only)
• Contains triterpene saponins and polyphenols with potential bioactivity (evidence quality: Preliminary - chemical analysis only)
• MAE extraction yields 26% higher phenolic content than traditional methods (evidence quality: Technical data only)
• UAE and Soxhlet methods successfully extract bioactive compounds (evidence quality: Technical data only)

## Mechanism of Action

Triterpene saponoids like asiaticoside and madecassoside may enhance collagen synthesis by stimulating fibroblast activity and increasing type I [collagen production](/ingredients/condition/skin-health). Polyphenolic compounds in Centella asiatica potentially modulate [inflammatory pathway](/ingredients/condition/inflammation)s by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. The bioactive compounds may also influence GABAergic neurotransmission, though specific receptor interactions require further research.

## Clinical Summary

Clinical evidence for Centella asiatica remains limited with few well-controlled human trials available. Traditional use in Jamu medicine systems provides historical context but lacks quantified therapeutic outcomes. Laboratory studies have documented extraction methods and identified bioactive compounds, but translation to human efficacy is not established. Most available research focuses on compound identification rather than clinical effectiveness in human populations.

## Nutritional Profile

Pegagan (Centella asiatica) is a low-calorie leafy herb with modest macronutrient content: approximately 2.0–3.5g protein per 100g fresh weight, 1.2–2.0g fat, and 5.0–7.0g total carbohydrates, with dietary fiber estimated at 1.5–2.5g per 100g. Moisture content is high at approximately 88–92%. Key micronutrients include calcium (170–200mg/100g dry weight), iron (3.1–5.6mg/100g dry weight), potassium (~390mg/100g fresh weight), and vitamin C (estimated 20–30mg/100g fresh weight, though heat-sensitive and degraded in cooking). Vitamin A precursors (beta-carotene) are present at low-to-moderate levels (~1,200–2,500 µg RAE/100g dry weight). The primary bioactive signature lies in its triterpene saponins: asiaticoside (0.1–0.9% dry weight), madecassoside (0.1–0.7% dry weight), asiatic acid, and madecassic acid — collectively termed 'centelloids,' typically comprising 1.0–8.0% of dry extract depending on growing conditions and extraction method. Total phenolic content ranges from 8–22mg GAE/g dry weight under conventional extraction, rising to approximately 28–32mg GAE/g dry weight under microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), reflecting the 26% yield advantage documented. Flavonoids including quercetin, kaempferol, and rutin are present at 2–6mg/g dry weight. Bioavailability of centelloids is considered moderate; asiaticoside undergoes hydrolysis to asiatic acid in the gut, which shows better intestinal absorption. Polyphenol bioavailability is subject to matrix effects and is enhanced by mild processing. No significant antinutritional factors are currently documented at typical consumption levels.

## Dosage & Preparation

No clinical dosage information available in the provided research. The research only documents extraction methods using various solvents and techniques. Consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.

## Safety & Drug Interactions

Centella asiatica is generally considered safe when used traditionally, though comprehensive safety data from clinical trials is lacking. Potential side effects may include gastrointestinal upset or skin sensitivity in some individuals. No well-documented drug interactions are reported, but caution is advised when combining with medications metabolized by liver enzymes. Safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been established through controlled studies.

## Scientific Research

The provided research focuses exclusively on extraction methodologies rather than clinical trials. No human studies, RCTs, or meta-analyses with PMIDs were included in the research dossier. The available data pertains only to extraction efficiency and compound identification.

## Historical & Cultural Context

Pegagan is categorized under the Jamu traditional medicine system. No specific historical or cultural context was provided in the extraction-focused research dossier.

## Synergistic Combinations

Insufficient data - no synergistic ingredients documented in extraction research

## Frequently Asked Questions

### How does Centella asiatica support wound healing?

Centella asiatica contains triterpene saponins, particularly asiaticoside and madecassoside, which may support wound healing by stimulating fibroblast activity and promoting type I collagen synthesis. This collagen-boosting mechanism can help tissue repair and skin regeneration. Additionally, polyphenolic compounds in the plant may inhibit NF-κB inflammatory signalling, potentially reducing inflammation at wound sites. However, it is important to note that most supporting evidence comes from laboratory studies rather than robust human clinical trials, so definitive wound-healing claims remain preliminary.

### What is the recommended dosage of Centella asiatica for cognitive function?

No established clinical dosage for Centella asiatica cognitive benefits is currently available from well-designed human trials. While its bioactive compounds may influence GABAergic neurotransmission, which could theoretically support cognitive function, the specific receptor interactions and effective doses have not been confirmed in rigorous clinical research. Traditional Jamu medicine has historically used the herb, but standardised dosing guidelines are lacking. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting Centella asiatica supplementation, especially for cognitive health purposes.

### Can Centella asiatica reduce inflammation?

Centella asiatica contains polyphenolic compounds that may modulate inflammatory pathways by inhibiting NF-κB signalling, a key regulator of inflammatory responses. This mechanism suggests potential anti-inflammatory activity at the cellular level. However, the existing evidence is primarily from laboratory-based chemical analyses rather than human clinical trials. While this preliminary bioactivity is promising, it is not yet sufficient to make firm anti-inflammatory claims for supplementation. Further well-designed human studies are needed to confirm these effects.

### What active compounds are found in Centella asiatica?

Centella asiatica is rich in triterpene saponins, most notably asiaticoside and madecassoside, which are considered its primary bioactive constituents. It also contains polyphenolic compounds that contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. These compounds work through distinct but complementary mechanisms — triterpenes primarily influence collagen synthesis and tissue repair, while polyphenols modulate inflammatory signalling. Chemical analyses have successfully identified and quantified these compounds using various extraction techniques, including microwave-assisted extraction, which yields approximately 26% higher phenolic content than traditional methods.

### Is Centella asiatica the same as Pegagan?

Yes, Pegagan is the Indonesian common name for Centella asiatica, the same plant widely used in traditional Jamu medicine throughout Southeast Asia. The plant is known by various names across different cultures, including Gotu Kola in Western herbal medicine and Indian Pennywort in English. Regardless of the name, the botanical species is identical and contains the same key bioactive compounds — triterpene saponins and polyphenols. Its traditional use in Jamu medicine is well-documented, though clinical evidence supporting its health benefits remains limited.

### Does Centella asiatica affect GABA or neurotransmitter levels?

Centella asiatica bioactive compounds may influence GABAergic neurotransmission, which plays a key role in regulating mood, anxiety, and cognitive function. GABA is the brain's primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, and compounds modulating its activity can have calming and neuroprotective effects. However, the specific receptor interactions of Centella asiatica constituents have not been fully characterised, and current evidence is preliminary. Human clinical data confirming meaningful effects on GABA levels or neurotransmitter balance through supplementation is not yet available.

### What extraction method produces the most potent Centella asiatica supplement?

Research on Centella asiatica extraction shows that microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) yields approximately 26% higher phenolic content compared to traditional extraction methods, making it more efficient for capturing polyphenolic bioactives. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and Soxhlet extraction have also been shown to successfully isolate key compounds. The choice of solvent and technique significantly impacts the profile and concentration of bioactives in the final extract. When selecting a supplement, look for products that specify their extraction method and standardise for key compounds such as asiaticoside or total triterpenes.

### Can Centella asiatica be used as part of a traditional Jamu herbal remedy?

Yes, Centella asiatica, known locally as Pegagan, has a long history of use within Indonesia's traditional Jamu medicine system. It has been traditionally consumed to support general wellbeing, cognitive clarity, and wound healing. While this traditional use is well-documented, it is classified as traditional evidence only, meaning it has not been validated through rigorous clinical trials. Jamu preparations often combine multiple herbs, and the synergistic effects of these combinations are largely unstudied scientifically. Consult a healthcare provider or qualified Jamu practitioner before use.

### What does Centella asiatica do for skin health?

Centella asiatica contains triterpene saponins, particularly asiaticoside and madecassoside, which may support skin health by stimulating fibroblast activity and promoting type I collagen synthesis. These mechanisms could help maintain skin firmness and support recovery from minor skin damage. Polyphenolic compounds in the plant may also help modulate inflammatory responses via NF-κB pathway inhibition. However, most supporting evidence comes from laboratory studies rather than robust human clinical trials, so results in practice may vary.

### Is Centella asiatica safe to take long-term?

Centella asiatica has a long history of traditional use in Jamu medicine systems across Southeast Asia, suggesting general tolerability. However, the current research dossier lacks clinical trial data specifically assessing long-term safety in human populations. Some individuals may experience skin sensitisation when applied topically. Given the absence of robust human safety studies, it is strongly recommended to consult a qualified healthcare provider before using Centella asiatica supplements over an extended period.

### Does Centella asiatica help with anxiety or stress?

Centella asiatica has been traditionally associated with calming properties, and preliminary research suggests its bioactive compounds may influence GABAergic neurotransmission, a pathway involved in regulating anxiety and relaxation. However, the specific receptor interactions are not yet well characterised, and no human clinical trials confirming anxiolytic effects are available in the current research. While the mechanism is plausible, evidence remains preliminary, and Centella asiatica should not be considered a clinically validated treatment for anxiety or stress disorders.

### What is the difference between asiaticoside and madecassoside in Centella asiatica?

Both asiaticoside and madecassoside are triterpene saponins found in Centella asiatica and are considered key bioactive compounds. Asiaticoside is associated with stimulating collagen synthesis and fibroblast activity, supporting tissue repair. Madecassoside is also linked to anti-inflammatory activity and skin-barrier support. The two compounds differ slightly in their chemical structure, with madecassoside carrying an additional hydroxyl group. Both compounds are thought to contribute to the plant's overall bioactivity, though human clinical data confirming their distinct effects remains limited.

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*Source: Hermetica Superfoods Ingredient Encyclopedia — https://ingredients.hermeticasuperfoods.com*
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