# Nigerian Pear

**Canonical URL:** https://ingredients.hermeticasuperfoods.com/ingredients/nigerian-pear
**Data Source:** Hermetica Superfoods Ingredient Encyclopedia
**Updated:** 2026-03-15
**Evidence Score:** 6 / 10
**Category:** Fruit
**Also Known As:** Dacryodes edulis, African Pear, Safou, Atanga, Eben, Bush Pear

## Overview

Nigerian Pear (Dacryodes edulis) is a nutrient-dense fruit rich in oleic acid, linoleic acid, tocopherols, saponins (2.08–3.98 mg/100g), flavonoids, and tannins that collectively exert potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects through [free radical scaveng](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant)ing, iron chelation, and modulation of [pro-inflammatory cytokine](/ingredients/condition/inflammation)s such as IL-6. The fruit's pulp provides approximately 48 g fat, 20 g protein, 133 mg calcium, and 13 mg zinc per 100 g, making it one of the most lipid- and protein-rich tropical fruits and a valuable functional food for [cardiovascular](/ingredients/condition/heart-health), metabolic, and immune health.

## Health Benefits

- **Supports [cardiovascular health](/ingredients/condition/heart-health)**: by providing healthy fats like oleic acid and linoleic acid.
- **Enhances [cognitive function](/ingredients/condition/cognitive)**: through neuroprotective compounds such as tocopherols and carotenoids.
- **Promotes skin regeneration**: and hydration due to its rich content of tocopherols (Vitamin E) and plant sterols.
- **Strengthens immune defense**: with its array of vitamins, minerals, and [antioxidant](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) phytochemicals.
- **Aids in blood**: sugar regulation through its dietary fiber and beneficial plant compounds.
- **Contributes to bone**: strength with essential minerals like potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium.

## Mechanism of Action

Nigerian Pear's flavonoids (primarily quercetin and kaempferol derivatives) and phenolic acids scavenge [reactive oxygen species](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) (ROS) such as superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, while also chelating transition metal ions like Fe²⁺ to inhibit Fenton-reaction-driven lipid peroxidation. Its saponins modulate NF-κB signaling by suppressing IκB kinase phosphorylation, thereby reducing transcription of [pro-inflammatory cytokine](/ingredients/condition/inflammation)s including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β from activated macrophages and [T-cell](/ingredients/condition/immune-support)s, which in turn lowers systemic C-reactive protein levels. The fruit's high oleic acid content promotes favorable serum lipid profiles by upregulating hepatic LDL-receptor expression and inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase activity, while linoleic acid serves as a precursor for anti-inflammatory eicosanoids via the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway. Tocopherols (vitamin E) protect neuronal cell membranes from peroxidative damage by integrating into phospholipid bilayers and terminating lipid peroxyl radical chain reactions, supporting the fruit's reported [neuroprotective](/ingredients/condition/cognitive) activity.

## Clinical Summary

Current evidence is limited to animal and in vitro studies, with no human clinical trials available for Dacryodes edulis. Rat studies demonstrate dose-dependent reductions in serum C-reactive protein with graded African pear seed flour administration, though specific percentage reductions were not quantified. In vitro antimalarial studies show promising IC50 values of 6.45 μg/mL against 3D7 strain and 8.2 μg/mL against DD2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Animal studies report no adverse effects across [antioxidant](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant), [cardiovascular](/ingredients/condition/heart-health), and hematopoietic assays, but human clinical trials are warranted to establish therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles.

## Nutritional Profile

- Macronutrients: Protein, Dietary fiber, Oleic acid (monounsaturated fat), Linoleic acid (polyunsaturated fat)
- Vitamins: Tocopherols (Vitamin E), Carotenoids (precursors to Vitamin A)
- Minerals: Potassium, Phosphorus, Iron, Magnesium
- Phytochemicals: Flavonoids, Polyphenols, Plant sterols

## Dosage & Preparation

- Common Forms: Fresh fruit (often roasted or warmed), cold-pressed oil, plant butters, functional oils, superfruit snacks.
- Dosage: 1–3 fresh fruits daily, or 1–2 teaspoons of cold-pressed oil daily.
- Traditional Uses: Consumed in Igbo medicine for lactation, postnatal recovery, and [immune support](/ingredients/condition/immune-support); oil applied topically for skin hydration and [inflammation](/ingredients/condition/inflammation).

## Safety & Drug Interactions

Nigerian Pear is generally considered safe when consumed as a whole food in typical dietary quantities; no acute toxicity has been reported in ethnobotanical literature. Due to its high fat content (approximately 48 g per 100 g pulp), excessive consumption may contribute to caloric surplus and should be moderated in individuals managing obesity or hyperlipidemia. The fruit's flavonoids may theoretically inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP3A4, CYP1A2), potentially affecting the [metabolism](/ingredients/condition/weight-management) of drugs such as statins, calcium channel blockers, and certain anticoagulants, although no formal drug interaction studies have been published. Individuals with known allergies to Burseraceae family plants or those on anticoagulant therapy should consult a healthcare provider before consuming large amounts, as the fruit's vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acid content may potentiate anticoagulant effects.

## Scientific Research

While Dacryodes edulis has been the subject of numerous phytochemical analyses published in African and food science journals, no large-scale randomized clinical trials indexed in PubMed with dedicated PMIDs were identified as of this review. Published compositional analyses in the Journal of Applied Biosciences and the African Journal of Biotechnology have confirmed the fruit's high oleic acid (40–60% of total fatty acids), linoleic acid, tocopherol, and phytosterol content. Phytochemical screening studies have documented significant concentrations of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids in the pulp and seed, supporting traditional ethnomedicinal claims. Further peer-reviewed clinical trials are critically needed to validate dose–response relationships, bioavailability, and therapeutic endpoints in human populations.

## Historical & Cultural Context

In Igbo and broader West African traditions, Nigerian Pear is a revered symbol of nourishment, fertility, and ancestral unity. It is traditionally shared during harvests and periods of recovery, embodying a deep connection to the land and its people. The fruit is celebrated for its ability to provide profound nourishment without taxing the body.

## Synergistic Combinations

Role: Polyphenol/[antioxidant](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) base
Intention: Cardio & Circulation | Cognition & Focus
Primary Pairings: - Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
- Camu Camu (Myrciaria dubia)
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
- Maca Root (Lepidium meyenii)

## Frequently Asked Questions

### What are the health benefits of Nigerian pear (Ube)?

Nigerian pear provides cardiovascular support through heart-healthy monounsaturated fats (oleic acid), immune defense via vitamin C and antioxidant flavonoids, blood sugar regulation from dietary fiber, bone health from calcium (133 mg/100 g), and skin nourishment from tocopherols and plant sterols. Its high protein content (~20 g/100 g) also makes it unusually nutritious compared to most tropical fruits.

### Is Nigerian pear good for weight loss?

Nigerian pear is calorie-dense due to its high fat content (~48 g per 100 g), so it is not a low-calorie food. However, its dietary fiber and healthy fat profile can promote satiety and reduce overall caloric intake when consumed in moderate portions as part of a balanced diet. Its protein content also supports lean muscle maintenance during calorie restriction.

### What vitamins and nutrients are in African pear?

Per 100 g of pulp, African pear provides approximately 20 g protein, 48 g fat (predominantly oleic and linoleic acids), 15 g carbohydrates, 3 g dietary fiber, 3 g vitamin C, 133 mg calcium, 65 mg potassium, 13 mg zinc, and 10 mg sodium. It also contains significant tocopherols (vitamin E), carotenoids, phytosterols, and B-complex vitamins.

### How do you eat Nigerian pear (Dacryodes edulis)?

Nigerian pear is traditionally consumed by boiling or roasting the whole fruit until the purple-skinned pulp softens, then eating the buttery flesh while discarding the seed. It is most commonly paired with roasted or boiled corn during its peak season from April to September. The fruit can also be eaten raw, though most prefer it cooked for improved flavor and texture.

### Can Nigerian pear help lower blood sugar or cholesterol?

Nigerian pear's dietary fiber may slow glucose absorption and improve postprandial blood sugar control, while its oleic acid content has been associated with improved HDL-to-LDL cholesterol ratios by upregulating hepatic LDL-receptor expression. Phytosterols in the fruit may also competitively inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption. However, no controlled human clinical trials have yet confirmed these effects specifically for Dacryodes edulis.

### Is Nigerian pear safe to take with blood pressure or cholesterol medications?

Nigerian pear is generally considered safe alongside common cardiovascular medications, though its natural compounds like oleic acid may have mild additive effects on blood lipids. If you take statins, blood pressure medications, or anticoagulants, consult your healthcare provider before adding Nigerian pear supplements to ensure no unwanted interactions. The fruit's bioactive compounds are well-tolerated, but individual responses vary based on dosage and existing conditions.

### Who should avoid Nigerian pear supplements, and is it safe during pregnancy?

While Nigerian pear is safe for most healthy adults, individuals with tree nut allergies should exercise caution as it belongs to the Burseraceae family and may trigger cross-reactivity. Pregnant and nursing women should consult their healthcare provider before supplementing, as safety data in these populations is limited. Those with existing lipid metabolism disorders or taking lipid-modifying drugs should seek medical guidance before use.

### What form of Nigerian pear supplement offers the best absorption of its skin and cognitive benefits?

Whole fruit or minimally processed forms (fresh, freeze-dried, or cold-pressed oil) preserve the tocopherols, carotenoids, and plant sterols responsible for skin and cognitive support better than heavily processed extracts. The fat-soluble vitamins in Nigerian pear require dietary fat for optimal absorption, so consuming it with a meal containing healthy fats enhances bioavailability. Standardized extracts may offer convenience but often lose the synergistic phytochemical profile found in whole-fruit preparations.

## References

Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8968649; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213453021001361; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34629324

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