# Lycium barbarum

**Canonical URL:** https://ingredients.hermeticasuperfoods.com/ingredients/lycium-barbarum
**Data Source:** Hermetica Superfoods Ingredient Encyclopedia
**Updated:** 2026-03-19
**Evidence Score:** 8 / 10
**Category:** Traditional Chinese Medicine
**Also Known As:** Lycium barbarum, Goji berry, Wolfberry, Chinese wolfberry, Gouqizi, Fructus Lycii, Red medlar, Barbary matrimony vine

## Overview

Lycium barbarum (goji berries) contains zeaxanthin and polysaccharides that provide antioxidant activity through [free radical scaveng](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant)ing mechanisms. The fruit demonstrates DPPH radical scavenging with IC50 values of 830-950 μg/mL and provides significant vitamin C content.

## Health Benefits

• [Antioxidant activity](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant): Shows free-radical scavenging properties with IC50 values of 830-950 μg/mL for DPPH• assay (in vitro evidence only)
• Nutritional support: Contains 46% carbohydrates, 13% protein, 16% dietary fiber, and 35 mg vitamin C per 100g fresh fruit (compositional data only)
• Carotenoid source: Rich in zeaxanthin dipalmitate (55.44% of total carotenoids) which may support eye health (no clinical evidence provided)
• Polysaccharide content: Contains unique glycoconjugates (10-2300 kDa) with nine monosaccharides and 22 amino acids (structural characterization only)
• Traditional medicine use: Historical application in Traditional Chinese Medicine (specific indications not detailed in research)

## Mechanism of Action

Lycium barbarum's antioxidant effects primarily stem from zeaxanthin and polysaccharide compounds that neutralize free radicals through electron donation. The zeaxanthin content specifically targets [reactive oxygen species](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant), while polysaccharides enhance cellular antioxidant enzyme systems including superoxide dismutase and catalase. These compounds work synergistically to reduce oxidative stress markers and protect cellular membranes from lipid peroxidation.

## Clinical Summary

Current evidence for Lycium barbarum is limited primarily to in vitro [antioxidant](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) studies showing DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 830-950 μg/mL. Compositional analyses confirm significant nutritional content including 35 mg vitamin C per 100g fresh fruit, 46% carbohydrates, and 13% protein. Human clinical trials are sparse, with most research conducted in laboratory settings rather than controlled human studies. The evidence base requires expansion through randomized controlled trials to establish clinical efficacy and optimal dosing protocols.

## Nutritional Profile

Lycium barbarum (goji berry) fresh fruit provides approximately 46% carbohydrates, 13% protein (notably high for a fruit), 16% dietary fiber, and 35 mg vitamin C per 100g. The dominant bioactive fraction is polysaccharides (Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, LBPs), typically comprising 20-30% of dry weight, which serve as the primary [immunomodulatory](/ingredients/condition/immune-support) and [neuroprotective](/ingredients/condition/cognitive) compounds. Carotenoid content is notable, with zeaxanthin dipalmitate representing ~55.44% of total carotenoids; this esterified form shows enhanced stability compared to free zeaxanthin, though intestinal hydrolysis to free zeaxanthin is required for absorption, making bioavailability variable and dependent on dietary fat co-consumption. Betaine content is reported at approximately 0.1% dry weight, contributing to methylation support. Minerals include potassium (~1,132 mg/100g dry), calcium (~112 mg/100g dry), and iron (~9 mg/100g dry). [Antioxidant](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) capacity via DPPH• scavenging shows IC50 values of 830–950 μg/mL in vitro; this reflects moderate potency relative to other botanical antioxidants, and in vivo translation remains unconfirmed. Bioavailability of zeaxanthin is meaningfully enhanced when consumed with lipids due to its fat-soluble nature.

## Dosage & Preparation

No clinically studied dosage ranges are available from human trials. Studies mention standardization to LBP (Lycium barbarum polysaccharides) but without associated dosing recommendations. Consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.

## Safety & Drug Interactions

Lycium barbarum is generally recognized as safe when consumed as food, with minimal reported adverse effects in healthy individuals. Potential interactions may occur with anticoagulant medications due to compounds that could affect blood clotting mechanisms. Individuals with autoimmune conditions should exercise caution as polysaccharides may stimulate [immune system](/ingredients/condition/immune-support) activity. Pregnancy and lactation safety data is insufficient, requiring medical supervision for use during these periods.

## Scientific Research

The research dossier lacks specific human clinical trials, RCTs, or meta-analyses for Lycium barbarum. Current evidence is limited to chemical composition studies, nutritional profiles, and in vitro [antioxidant activity](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) assessments rather than clinical outcome data.

## Historical & Cultural Context

Lycium barbarum (goji berry) has historical use in Traditional Chinese Medicine, though specific durations, indications, or contexts are not elaborated in the available research. The fruit has been traditionally harvested in China for medicinal purposes.

## Synergistic Combinations

Lycium barbarum pairs well with (1) Chrysanthemum morefolium — a classical TCM combination ('Qi Ju Di Huang') where chrysanthemum flavonoids (luteolin, apigenin) provide complementary free-radical scavenging via different mechanistic pathways than LBPs, potentially creating additive [antioxidant](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) effects at the ocular level; (2) Astaxanthin — co-administration with this ketocarotenoid may provide additive macular support, as astaxanthin crosses the blood-retinal barrier independently while zeaxanthin dipalmitate (after hydrolysis) selectively deposits in the macula, covering distinct anatomical zones; (3) Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA from fish oil) — dietary fat substantially increases micellarization and intestinal absorption of zeaxanthin dipalmitate, with studies on carotenoid bioavailability suggesting fat co-ingestion can increase absorption 3–5 fold; (4) Rehmannia glutinosa — another 'Qi Ju Di Huang' constituent whose iridoid glycosides (catalpol) are proposed to complement LBP-mediated [neuroprotective](/ingredients/condition/cognitive) signaling via overlapping but non-identical BDNF/PI3K pathway modulation in preclinical models.

## Frequently Asked Questions

### What is the effective dosage of lycium barbarum extract?

No standardized clinical dosage exists due to limited human trials. Traditional use suggests 10-30g dried berries daily, while extracts vary widely in concentration and require manufacturer guidance.

### Can lycium barbarum interact with blood thinning medications?

Yes, lycium barbarum may enhance anticoagulant effects of warfarin and similar medications. Patients on blood thinners should consult healthcare providers before use and monitor INR levels closely.

### What compounds make lycium barbarum effective for antioxidant support?

Zeaxanthin and polysaccharides are the primary bioactive compounds responsible for antioxidant activity. These work through free radical scavenging and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems.

### How long does it take to see benefits from lycium barbarum supplementation?

Clinical timeline data is limited due to insufficient human studies. Traditional use patterns suggest consistent daily consumption for 4-8 weeks may be needed for measurable antioxidant status improvements.

### Is lycium barbarum safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Safety data for pregnancy and lactation is insufficient to recommend use. The polysaccharide content may affect immune function, requiring medical supervision during these sensitive periods.

### What is the difference between fresh lycium barbarum berries and dried extract supplements?

Fresh lycium barbarum berries contain approximately 35 mg of vitamin C per 100g along with whole-food carbohydrates, protein, and fiber, while dried extracts concentrate bioactive compounds like zeaxanthin dipalmitate but may lose some heat-sensitive nutrients. Dried extracts offer standardized dosing and longer shelf stability, making them more practical for supplementation, whereas fresh berries provide broader nutritional support from the whole food matrix. The choice depends on whether you prioritize convenience and standardization (extracts) or whole-food nutrition (fresh fruit).

### Who should consider lycium barbarum supplementation for eye health support?

Individuals concerned about age-related eye health may benefit most from lycium barbarum supplementation due to its high zeaxanthin dipalmitate content (55.44% of total carotenoids), a carotenoid naturally concentrated in the macula. People with limited dietary intake of carotenoid-rich foods, those experiencing digital eye strain, or older adults may find supplementation particularly relevant. However, those with existing carotenoid sensitivity or consuming other carotenoid supplements should consult a healthcare provider to avoid excessive intake.

### What is the quality of clinical evidence supporting lycium barbarum's antioxidant claims?

Current evidence for lycium barbarum's antioxidant activity is primarily in vitro, with laboratory studies showing free-radical scavenging activity (IC50 values of 830–950 μg/mL in DPPH assays), which does not directly translate to human physiological effects. In vitro evidence indicates potential bioactivity but cannot confirm that these compounds remain stable during digestion or achieve sufficient concentrations in the body to produce measurable antioxidant benefits. More robust human clinical trials are needed to establish efficacy for antioxidant support in real-world supplementation.

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