Amino Acid & Peptide · Compound

Glutathione (Reduced)

Provisional Moderate Scoreamino_acid

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Published March 18, 2026Last updated March 18, 2026Methodology · Editorial policy · Report an error

Evidence review status: unreviewed

Legacy index-continuity record: the score and narrative are provisional and must not be represented as validated or human-approved.

Review flags: AWAITING_SEMANTIC_VALIDATION

Provisional Summary

Glutathione (reduced) is a tripeptide composed of cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid that functions as the body's master antioxidant. It operates through direct free radical scavenging and serves as a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase enzymes in cellular detoxification pathways.

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Screened PMID Records

Reported Benefits

Pending

Synergy Review

At a Glance

CategoryAmino Acid & Peptide

GroupCompound

Public Score StatusProvisional Moderate

Primary Keywordglutathione benefits

Glutathione close-up macro showing natural texture and detail — rich in antioxidant, detoxification, immunomodulatory

Glutathione (Reduced) — botanical close-up

Reported Benefits (Provisional)

Acts as a powerful antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress at the cellular level. - Supports detoxification processes in the liver by enhancing phase II conjugation, promoting the elimination of toxins. - Strengthens immune system function by regenerating other antioxidants like vitamins C and E. - Improves skin brightness and reduces hyperpigmentation by inhibiting melanin synthesis, with studies showing up to a 30% reduction in dark spots. - Enhances energy production by protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage, leading to improved cellular vitality. - May slow the aging process by preserving telomere length and reducing DNA damage. - Supports cognitive health by reducing neuroinflammation and protecting neurons. - Promotes cardiovascular health by decreasing homocysteine levels and supporting healthy blood vessels.

Origin & History

Natural habitat

Glutathione (Reduced) is a tripeptide composed of glutamine, cysteine, and glycine. It is naturally produced in the body and can be supplemented through oral or intravenous forms.

“Glutathione has been recognized for its health benefits since its discovery in the early 20th century, often referred to as the 'master antioxidant.'”Traditional Medicine

Research Narrative (Provisional)

Glutathione has been extensively studied for its antioxidant properties, with numerous clinical trials supporting its role in detoxification and immune support.

Preparation & Dosage

Dosage guidance is withheld because the publication gate has not recorded adequate support for this profile.

Nutritional Profile

- Composed of three amino acids: glutamine, cysteine, and glycine. - Available in oral, intravenous, and topical forms. - Plays a crucial role in cellular antioxidant defense.

Reported Mechanism (Provisional)

Mechanism of Action

Reduced glutathione (GSH) neutralizes reactive oxygen species through electron donation, converting to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) before being recycled by glutathione reductase. It conjugates with toxins via glutathione S-transferase enzymes in phase II liver detoxification. GSH also regenerates vitamins C and E from their oxidized forms, maintaining the cellular antioxidant network.

Clinical Narrative (Provisional)

Human studies show mixed results for oral glutathione supplementation due to poor bioavailability. A 2014 randomized trial (n=54) found 250mg daily for 6 months increased blood GSH levels by 30-35%. Studies on liposomal forms demonstrate better absorption, with one trial showing 32% increase in lymphocyte GSH levels. Most clinical evidence comes from IV administration rather than oral supplements, limiting conclusions about dietary supplementation effectiveness.

Also Known As

L-GlutathioneGSHReduced glutathioneγ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycineMaster antioxidantTripeptide antioxidantCellular protector

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These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This content is for informational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

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