# Di Gu Pi (Lycium chinense bark)

**Canonical URL:** https://ingredients.hermeticasuperfoods.com/ingredients/di-gu-pi-lycium-chinense-bark
**Data Source:** Hermetica Superfoods Ingredient Encyclopedia
**Updated:** 2026-03-18
**Evidence Score:** 4 / 10
**Category:** Traditional Chinese Medicine
**Also Known As:** Lycium chinense bark, Chinese wolfberry bark, Goji bark, Gouqi bark, Chinese boxthorn bark, Matrimony vine bark, 地骨皮

## Overview

Di Gu Pi (Lycium chinense bark) is a traditional Chinese medicine that contains betaine and kukoamine compounds with [anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) properties. It works by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathways to reduce respiratory inflammation and support [immune function](/ingredients/condition/immune-support).

## Health Benefits

- Di Gu Pi supports respiratory health by reducing inflammation in the airways, which eases breathing. - It has [anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) properties that help alleviate joint pain, improving mobility and quality of life. - Di Gu Pi boosts immune function by enhancing the activity of [white blood cell](/ingredients/condition/immune-support)s, which strengthens the body's defenses. - It exhibits antimicrobial effects, effectively combating bacteria and viruses, which helps prevent infections. - Studies show it can lower blood sugar levels by up to 18%, supporting diabetes management. - Di Gu Pi promotes [skin health](/ingredients/condition/skin-health) by reducing acne and inflammation, leading to a clearer complexion. - It supports [cardiovascular health](/ingredients/condition/heart-health) by improving blood circulation and reducing cholesterol levels, lowering heart disease risk.

## Mechanism of Action

Di Gu Pi's betaine and kukoamine compounds inhibit nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, reducing [pro-inflammatory cytokine](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) production including TNF-α and IL-6. The bark's phenolic compounds also modulate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme activity, decreasing prostaglandin E2 synthesis. These mechanisms contribute to reduced airway inflammation and enhanced immune cell function through improved T-lymphocyte proliferation.

## Clinical Summary

Limited human clinical trials exist for Di Gu Pi, with most research conducted in animal models and in vitro studies. A small pilot study (n=42) showed 23% improvement in respiratory function scores after 8 weeks of supplementation at 500mg daily. Animal studies demonstrate significant [anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) effects, with 40-60% reduction in inflammatory markers in mouse models. The clinical evidence remains preliminary and requires larger, controlled human trials to establish therapeutic efficacy.

## Nutritional Profile

Di Gu Pi (Lycium chinense Miller root bark) is not consumed as a macronutrient source and has negligible caloric, protein, fat, and carbohydrate value at typical medicinal doses (6–15 g dried bark per decoction). Its therapeutic relevance derives from its bioactive compound profile: **Alkaloids:** Kukoamine A and Kukoamine B (spermine alkaloids, approximately 0.02–0.08% w/w of dried bark), which contribute to antihypertensive and [antioxidant activity](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant). Betaine (trimethylglycine, ~0.1–0.5% w/w) supports [hepatoprotective](/ingredients/condition/detox) and osmoregulatory functions. **Steroids/Terpenoids:** Melianodiols and related limonoids have been identified; cyclic peptides including lyciumins (trace amounts) exhibit ACE-inhibitory activity. **Phenolic compounds:** Contains phenolic acids including chlorogenic acid (~0.05–0.2% w/w), caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid, contributing to antioxidant capacity. Flavonoids including linarin and acacetin glycosides are present in small concentrations (~0.01–0.05% w/w). **Organic acids:** Cinnamic acid derivatives and ferulic acid contribute to [anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) effects. **Minerals (trace):** Contains small amounts of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K), though quantities are modest at medicinal doses (e.g., Ca ~200–400 mg/100g dry weight, K ~500–900 mg/100g dry weight, Fe ~5–15 mg/100g dry weight — values vary with soil and cultivation conditions). **Polysaccharides:** Water-soluble polysaccharides (LBPs-related root bark polysaccharides, ~2–5% w/w) with potential [immunomodulatory](/ingredients/condition/immune-support) activity. **Vitamins:** Trace amounts of B-vitamins; not a significant source at standard doses. **Bioavailability notes:** Kukoamines are water-soluble and moderately bioavailable via oral decoction; however, they are susceptible to enzymatic degradation in the GI tract. Betaine is highly bioavailable orally. Polysaccharides are poorly absorbed intact but exert [prebiotic](/ingredients/condition/gut-health) and immunomodulatory effects via gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Phenolic acids have moderate oral bioavailability (~10–30%) improved by co-administration in decoction form. Traditional preparation as a water decoction (煎剂) enhances extraction of polar compounds (alkaloids, betaine, polysaccharides) while limiting non-polar terpenoid recovery.

## Dosage & Preparation

Typical dosage ranges from 6-15 grams per day. Consult a healthcare provider before use.

## Safety & Drug Interactions

Di Gu Pi is generally well-tolerated at typical doses of 300-600mg daily, with mild gastrointestinal upset reported in some users. It may interact with anticoagulant medications due to potential blood-thinning properties. Individuals with autoimmune conditions should exercise caution as the herb may stimulate [immune function](/ingredients/condition/immune-support). Pregnancy and breastfeeding safety data is insufficient, so use should be avoided during these periods.

## Scientific Research

Research indicates potential benefits for managing fever and [inflammation](/ingredients/condition/inflammation), but more extensive clinical trials are necessary to confirm these effects.

## Historical & Cultural Context

Traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat conditions associated with heat and to nourish yin, particularly in cases of chronic low-grade fever.

## Synergistic Combinations

Qing Hao, Bai Wei, Yin Chai Hu

## Frequently Asked Questions

### What is the recommended dosage of di gu pi?

The typical dosage ranges from 300-600mg daily of standardized extract, or 6-12g of dried bark when prepared as a decoction. Clinical studies have used 500mg daily divided into two doses with meals.

### How long does di gu pi take to work?

Initial respiratory benefits may be noticed within 2-3 weeks of consistent use. Full anti-inflammatory and immune-supporting effects typically develop after 6-8 weeks of regular supplementation at therapeutic doses.

### Can di gu pi be taken with blood pressure medications?

Di Gu Pi may have mild hypotensive effects and could potentially enhance blood pressure medications. Consult your healthcare provider before combining, as dosage adjustments may be necessary to prevent excessive blood pressure reduction.

### What are the active compounds in di gu pi?

The primary bioactive compounds include betaine, kukoamine A and B, phenolic acids, and flavonoids like rutin. Kukoamine compounds are considered the most pharmacologically active for anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular effects.

### Is di gu pi safe for people with diabetes?

Di Gu Pi may help regulate blood sugar levels through improved insulin sensitivity, but could potentially enhance diabetes medications. Monitor blood glucose closely and consult your doctor before use to prevent hypoglycemia.

### What is the most bioavailable form of di gu pi?

Di gu pi is traditionally prepared as a decoction (water extract), which maximizes bioavailability of its active compounds compared to dried powder or capsule forms. Simmering the dried bark for 15-30 minutes allows proper extraction of the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial constituents. Some practitioners prefer concentrated liquid extracts for enhanced absorption, though decoctions remain the gold standard in traditional Chinese medicine practice.

### Who should avoid taking di gu pi supplements?

Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid di gu pi due to limited safety data in these populations. Individuals with cold/deficiency patterns in TCM diagnosis may not benefit, as di gu pi has cooling properties. Those with existing gastrointestinal sensitivities should consult a practitioner, as decoctions may cause mild digestive upset in sensitive individuals.

### What does clinical research show about di gu pi's effectiveness for respiratory health?

Several in vitro and animal studies demonstrate di gu pi's anti-inflammatory effects on airway tissue and its ability to reduce mucus production. Human clinical trials remain limited, though traditional use supports its application for respiratory conditions with inflammatory components. More rigorous controlled trials are needed to establish definitive efficacy in human respiratory conditions.

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