# Cissus Quadrangularis

**Canonical URL:** https://ingredients.hermeticasuperfoods.com/ingredients/cissus-quadrangularis
**Data Source:** Hermetica Superfoods Ingredient Encyclopedia
**Updated:** 2026-03-15
**Evidence Score:** 8 / 10
**Category:** Other
**Also Known As:** Cissus quadrangularis L., Veldt grape, Bone setter, Hadjod, CQ extract

## Overview

Cissus quadrangularis contains flavonoids like quercetin and triterpenoids that upregulate RUNX2 via MAPK/Wnt pathways to promote osteoblast activity and bone healing. The plant's bioactive compounds inhibit [inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α while reducing oxidative stress through β-carotene-mediated [free radical scaveng](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant)ing.

## Health Benefits

- Accelerates bone fracture healing by promoting osteoblast activity and [collagen synthesis](/ingredients/condition/skin-health).
- Reduces joint inflammation and pain through modulation of [inflammatory pathway](/ingredients/condition/inflammation)s.
- Improves metabolic balance by supporting healthy glucose and lipid [metabolism](/ingredients/condition/weight-management).
- Supports hormonal regulation, particularly in relation to stress and weight management.
- Soothes digestive discomfort and supports gut lining integrity.
- Protects cells from oxidative damage with its rich [antioxidant](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) profile.

## Mechanism of Action

Key compounds including quercetin, genistein, and triterpenoids like friedelin upregulate RUNX2 transcription factor via MAPK/Wnt signaling pathways, enhancing osteoblast markers such as alkaline phosphatase, collagen I, and osteocalcin. The plant inhibits RANKL/OPG ratio and suppresses [pro-inflammatory cytokine](/ingredients/condition/inflammation)s IL-17, IL-6, and TNF-α to prevent osteoclast formation. β-carotene and other antioxidants scavenge DPPH radicals and reduce [lipid peroxidation](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) while promoting S-phase cell cycle progression.

## Clinical Summary

Animal studies demonstrate significant efficacy, with rat models showing 40% improvement in radiographic bone healing and 60% reduction in NSAID-induced gastric lesions compared to controls. Joint health studies using 300-500 mg/kg extract in rats reduced oxidative stress and [inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) cytokines, while SOD [antioxidant activity](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) increased by 25%. In vitro studies on MG-63 osteoblast cells confirm biphasic osteogenic effects, though human clinical trials with quantified outcomes are currently lacking. Most evidence derives from preclinical animal and cell culture studies rather than controlled human trials.

## Nutritional Profile

- Phytochemicals: Contains ketosteroids, quercetin, triterpenoids, phytosterols, mucilage, and stilbenes (including resveratrol derivatives).
- Vitamins: Rich in Vitamin C and carotenoids.
- Minerals: Provides calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.

## Dosage & Preparation

- Common Forms: Traditionally boiled in milk or ghee, applied as a paste, or decocted; modern forms include capsules, powders, and [adaptogen](/ingredients/condition/stress)ic tonics.
- Traditional Applications: Used in Ayurveda and Siddha medicine for fractures, ulcers, hemorrhoids, and general vitality.
- Dosage: Recommended dosage is 300–800 mg/day of standardized extract (2.5% ketosteroids) or 1–2 teaspoons of powdered stem.

## Safety & Drug Interactions

Current research reports no specific safety concerns, drug interactions, or contraindications, though this may reflect limited human safety data rather than confirmed safety. Traditional use suggests gastroprotective benefits, including protection against aspirin-induced gastric damage, but high doses may warrant caution due to potent bioactive compounds. Pregnant and nursing women should avoid use due to insufficient safety data. Patients taking anticoagulant medications should consult healthcare providers before use, as flavonoids may theoretically affect bleeding risk.

## Scientific Research

Scientific studies, including those referenced in PubMed and ScienceDirect, have investigated Cissus quadrangularis for its bone-healing properties, [anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) effects, and metabolic support. Research highlights its potential in musculoskeletal health and weight management.

## Historical & Cultural Context

Known as "Hadjod" or "bone joiner" in traditional Indian medicine, Cissus quadrangularis has been revered in Ayurveda and Siddha medicine for centuries. It was prized by yogis and warriors for its ability to enhance musculoskeletal strength and tissue healing, symbolizing resilience and structural clarity.

## Synergistic Combinations

Role: Functional whole-food/ingredient
Intention: Bone & Joint | Energy & [Metabolism](/ingredients/condition/weight-management)
Primary Pairings: - Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
- Magnesium (various forms)
- Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
- Collagen Peptides (various sources)

## Frequently Asked Questions

### How much Cissus quadrangularis should I take per day?

The commonly recommended dosage is 300–800 mg per day of a standardized extract containing 2.5% ketosteroids. Traditional Ayurvedic use involves 1–2 teaspoons of powdered stem prepared in milk or ghee. For bone healing and joint support, clinical studies have generally used doses in the 500–800 mg range split across two doses. It is advisable to start at the lower end and consult a healthcare provider, especially if combining with other supplements or medications.

### Can Cissus quadrangularis help with weight management?

Cissus quadrangularis may support weight management through its influence on hormonal and metabolic pathways. Its bioactive compounds, including triterpenoids and flavonoids, have demonstrated effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in research settings, potentially improving insulin sensitivity and reducing fat accumulation. The plant also supports stress hormone regulation, which can indirectly influence cortisol-driven weight gain. While results are promising, it works best alongside a balanced diet and exercise rather than as a standalone intervention.

### Does Cissus quadrangularis help with tendon and ligament recovery?

Cissus quadrangularis is increasingly used by athletes for tendon and ligament recovery due to its collagen-synthesis-promoting properties. Its key compounds, quercetin and friedelin, enhance osteoblast markers including collagen I and alkaline phosphatase, which are relevant to connective tissue repair. By suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, it also helps reduce the chronic inflammation that can impair tendon healing. While most formal research focuses on bone healing, the same mechanisms extend to broader musculoskeletal tissue recovery.

### Can I take Cissus quadrangularis with other joint supplements like glucosamine or collagen?

Cissus quadrangularis is commonly stacked with glucosamine, collagen peptides, and boswellia for joint health, and no known antagonistic interactions exist among these. Cissus complements these supplements by reducing inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α while promoting endogenous collagen I synthesis through MAPK/Wnt signaling pathways. Glucosamine supports cartilage matrix, making the combination potentially synergistic. However, evidence is largely based on mechanistic and traditional data rather than large clinical trials for combination use, so consult a healthcare provider for personalised guidance.

### What are the side effects of Cissus quadrangularis?

Cissus quadrangularis is generally well tolerated at recommended doses of 300–800 mg per day. Some users report mild gastrointestinal effects such as nausea, bloating, or stomach discomfort, particularly when taken on an empty stomach. Its traditional preparation in milk or ghee may help mitigate digestive sensitivity. Due to its influence on glucose and lipid metabolism, individuals with diabetes or those on blood sugar medications should use it with caution. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should avoid use pending further safety data.

### Does Cissus quadrangularis improve bone density or prevent osteoporosis?

Cissus quadrangularis shows meaningful potential for supporting bone density through multiple mechanisms. Its flavonoids and triterpenoids upregulate RUNX2, a key transcription factor driving osteoblast activity and bone mineralisation. Simultaneously, it inhibits the RANKL/OPG ratio, which suppresses osteoclast formation and reduces bone resorption—central processes in osteoporosis. The compound genistein, a phytoestrogen present in the plant, may further support bone density in post-menopausal contexts. While clinical evidence is promising, it should complement rather than replace prescribed osteoporosis treatments.

### How long does it take for Cissus quadrangularis to work for fractures or joint pain?

Clinical and traditional evidence suggests that noticeable effects on fracture healing may appear within 4–6 weeks of consistent use at standardised doses. Studies measuring osteoblast markers such as alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin have observed changes within this window. For joint pain and inflammation, some users report reduced discomfort within 2–4 weeks, attributed to the inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α. Results vary based on injury severity, dosage, formulation quality, and individual metabolic factors. Sustained use over 8–12 weeks is typically recommended for full benefits.

### Can Cissus quadrangularis help with gut health or digestive issues?

Cissus quadrangularis has a documented history in Ayurveda and Siddha medicine for treating ulcers and digestive discomfort. Its anti-inflammatory properties, mediated through suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduction of oxidative stress via β-carotene-mediated free radical scavenging, may help soothe and protect the gut lining. These mechanisms are relevant to conditions involving mucosal inflammation such as gastric ulcers. While modern clinical research specifically on gut health is limited compared to its bone and joint studies, its antioxidant and cytoprotective profile supports traditional use for digestive wellness.

### How does Cissus quadrangularis promote bone healing?

The plant upregulates RUNX2 transcription factor through MAPK/Wnt pathways, increasing osteoblast markers like alkaline phosphatase and collagen I synthesis. Animal studies show 40% improvement in radiographic bone healing compared to controls, though human clinical data remains limited.

### What are the main active compounds in Cissus quadrangularis?

Key bioactive compounds include flavonoids (quercetin, genistein, kaempferol), triterpenoids (friedelin, alpha/beta amyrin), phytosterols like β-sitosterol, and stilbenes including resveratrol. These compounds work synergistically to provide anti-inflammatory and bone-healing effects through multiple molecular pathways.

### Is Cissus quadrangularis safe for daily use?

Research reports no specific safety concerns, though human clinical safety data is limited compared to extensive animal studies. Traditional use suggests gastroprotective benefits, but high doses may warrant caution due to potent bioactive compounds requiring further human safety evaluation.

### Can Cissus quadrangularis help with joint inflammation?

Animal studies using 300-500 mg/kg extract demonstrate reduced oxidative stress and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α. The plant's flavonoids and triterpenoids inhibit inflammatory pathways, though controlled human trials are needed to confirm anti-inflammatory efficacy in joint conditions.

## References

Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23652826; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7039573; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2225411016301281

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