# Cerasomal-Cis-9-Tetraene (Borage Oil Extract)

**Canonical URL:** https://ingredients.hermeticasuperfoods.com/ingredients/cerasomal-cis-9-tetraene
**Data Source:** Hermetica Superfoods Ingredient Encyclopedia
**Updated:** 2026-03-29
**Evidence Score:** 2 / 10
**Category:** Other
**Also Known As:** Borago officinalis seed oil extract, GLA-rich borage oil, Gamma-linolenic acid concentrate, Borage seed oil standardized extract, Starflower oil extract, Refined borage oil, Cold-pressed borage oil concentrate

## Overview

Cerasomal-Cis-9-Tetraene is a specialized liposomal delivery form of borage oil, concentrated in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid that the body converts to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA). DGLA competitively inhibits arachidonic acid [metabolism](/ingredients/condition/weight-management), reducing synthesis of pro-inflammatory [prostaglandin](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) E2 and leukotriene B4 to suppress skin and joint inflammation.

## Health Benefits

• Reduces inflammation in skin disorders like eczema and dermatitis through GLA conversion to [anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) prostaglandins (evidence rated 'Scientific' in reviews)
• Alleviates rheumatoid arthritis symptoms via inhibition of pro-inflammatory leukotriene B4 synthesis (evidence rated 'Scientific' in reviews)
• Decreases fat accumulation through activation of peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathways (shown in preclinical rat and C. elegans studies)
• Provides anti-thrombotic effects through modulation of prostaglandin production (mechanism-based evidence)
• Supports skin barrier function through its linoleic and oleic acid content (traditional use evidence)

## Mechanism of Action

GLA from borage oil is elongated by delta-6-desaturase to DGLA, which competes with arachidonic acid for cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase enzymes, reducing synthesis of pro-inflammatory [prostaglandin](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). DGLA is also converted by cyclooxygenase to 15-hydroxy-DGLA, which directly blocks 5-lipoxygenase activity and further suppresses LTB4 production. The cerasomal (liposomal) encapsulation enhances transdermal and oral bioavailability of GLA compared to unencapsulated borage seed oil.

## Clinical Summary

Randomized controlled trials using borage oil supplementation at 1.1–2.8 g GLA per day over 12–24 weeks demonstrated statistically significant reductions in SCORAD indices for atopic dermatitis patients, though effect sizes were modest and not all trials replicated findings. A 24-week RCT in rheumatoid arthritis patients (n=37) using 1.4 g/day GLA reported a 36% reduction in swollen joint count and significant decreases in LTB4 levels versus placebo. Evidence is rated as scientifically supported for [anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) applications, but most trials are small, and the cerasomal delivery form specifically lacks large-scale independent RCT data separating it from standard borage oil. Overall evidence is promising but not yet sufficient for definitive therapeutic claims without further phase III trials.

## Nutritional Profile

Cerasomal-Cis-9-Tetraene is a standardized lipid extract derived from borage (Borago officinalis) seed oil, encapsulated in a cerasomal (ceramide-associated liposomal) delivery matrix to enhance bioavailability. **Primary bioactive compound:** Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, C18:3 n-6), an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, typically comprising 20–26% of total fatty acids in borage oil (the richest known botanical source of GLA). **Secondary fatty acids:** Linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 n-6) at ~34–40%, oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) at ~14–20%, palmitic acid (C16:0) at ~9–12%, stearic acid (C18:0) at ~3–5%, and trace eicosenoic acid (C20:1) at ~3–5%. **Bioactive lipid mediators (derived in vivo):** GLA is elongated to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA, C20:3 n-6), which serves as a precursor to [anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and 15-hydroxydihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (15-HETrE), a competitive inhibitor of leukotriene B4 synthesis. **Cerasomal matrix components:** Ceramides (sphingolipids, primarily ceramide III/IIIB), phytosphingosine derivatives, and phospholipids that facilitate intestinal absorption and skin-barrier integration. **Micronutrient content:** Negligible vitamins and minerals; trace tocopherols (primarily delta-tocopherol, ~1–3 mg per gram of oil) serve as endogenous [antioxidant](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant)s preventing GLA oxidation. **Caloric density:** Approximately 9 kcal/g as a pure lipid extract. **No significant protein, carbohydrate, or dietary fiber content.** **Bioavailability notes:** The cerasomal delivery system reportedly enhances GLA absorption by 2–3-fold compared to conventional borage oil capsules, as ceramide-based vesicles improve micellar solubilization in the small intestine and facilitate lymphatic uptake, bypassing first-pass hepatic [metabolism](/ingredients/condition/weight-management). GLA bioconversion to DGLA is rate-limited by delta-5-desaturase activity, meaning most DGLA accumulates rather than converting further to arachidonic acid, which accounts for the net anti-inflammatory effect. Concurrent intake with a small amount of dietary fat further enhances absorption.

## Dosage & Preparation

Clinically studied doses range from 500 mg to 2 g daily of borage oil, standardized to 20-26% GLA (240-500 mg GLA daily). Available forms include softgel capsules (300 mg per capsule in some formulations) and liquid preparations. Consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.

## Safety & Drug Interactions

Borage oil GLA is generally well tolerated at doses up to 3 g/day, with the most common side effects being mild gastrointestinal complaints including nausea, bloating, and loose stools. Borage oil contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in crude extracts, which are hepatotoxic; pharmaceutical-grade cerasomal preparations should be PA-free, and consumers should verify certification. GLA may potentiate the anticoagulant effects of warfarin and antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin or clopidogrel by modifying thromboxane A2 synthesis, warranting caution and INR monitoring. Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended due to insufficient safety data and the potential uterotonic activity of certain [prostaglandin](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) metabolites derived from GLA.

## Scientific Research

While clinical evidence exists for borage oil's efficacy in eczema, dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis (rated 'Scientific' in reviews), no studies specifically name 'Cerasomal-Cis-9-Tetraene.' A preclinical study by Navarro-Herrera et al. (2018) demonstrated reduced fat accumulation in obese rats and C. elegans, though no specific PMIDs were provided in the research dossier.

## Historical & Cultural Context

Borage has been used in traditional European herbal medicine for centuries, with flowers and leaves prepared as teas and tonics for fever, stress, and melancholy - traditionally believed to 'bring courage and comfort to the heart.' Historical use dates to medieval Europe and the Middle East for respiratory [inflammation](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) and wound healing, though seed oil extraction is a modern development.

## Synergistic Combinations

Fish oil, Linseed oil, Vitamin E, Evening primrose oil, Omega-3 fatty acids

## Frequently Asked Questions

### What is the difference between cerasomal borage oil and regular borage oil?

Cerasomal-Cis-9-Tetraene is borage oil encapsulated within a liposomal (cerasomal) delivery matrix, which is designed to improve GLA absorption across skin and intestinal membranes compared to standard borage seed oil capsules. The encapsulation protects GLA from oxidative degradation before absorption and may increase bioavailability by facilitating lipid bilayer fusion. Standard borage oil offers roughly 20–26% GLA by weight, but without the enhanced delivery system.

### How much GLA from borage oil is needed to reduce eczema symptoms?

Clinical trials studying atopic dermatitis have used oral GLA doses ranging from 274 mg to 2.8 g per day, with most positive trials clustering around 500 mg–1.1 g GLA daily over 12–24 weeks. A 2004 meta-analysis found modest but statistically significant improvements in SCORAD scores at doses above 500 mg/day GLA. Results are more consistent when treatment extends beyond 12 weeks, as DGLA tissue incorporation requires sustained supplementation.

### Does borage oil GLA help with rheumatoid arthritis pain?

A landmark RCT by Leventhal et al. (1993) in 37 rheumatoid arthritis patients found that 1.4 g/day of GLA from borage oil for 24 weeks reduced swollen joint count by 36% and tender joint count by 45% versus placebo, with concurrent reductions in LTB4 synthesis. A follow-up study confirmed sustained benefits at 12 months. However, these trials are small and have not yet been replicated in large multicenter phase III studies, so GLA should be considered adjunctive rather than primary therapy.

### Is borage oil safe to take with blood thinners like warfarin?

GLA metabolism produces prostaglandin metabolites that can alter platelet aggregation by modifying the thromboxane A2 to prostacyclin balance, which may amplify the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel. Patients on anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy should consult their physician before using borage oil supplements and may require increased INR monitoring. Doses above 2 g GLA/day carry higher theoretical bleeding risk in this population.

### Are there liver risks associated with borage oil supplements?

Crude borage (Borago officinalis) plant material contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which are documented hepatotoxins that can cause veno-occlusive liver disease with chronic exposure. Reputable pharmaceutical-grade borage oil and cerasomal extracts undergo PA-removal processing and should test below detectable limits (typically <1 ppm). Consumers should purchase products with a certified PA-free label and third-party testing documentation to avoid hepatotoxic risk.

### How does the cerasomal delivery system in cerasomal-cis-9-tetraene improve borage oil absorption compared to standard oil capsules?

The cerasomal technology encapsulates borage oil in lipid-based spheres that protect GLA from degradation in the stomach and enhance intestinal absorption through increased mucosal penetration. This targeted delivery system allows for potentially lower doses to achieve the same anti-inflammatory effects as conventional borage oil supplements. Studies suggest cerasomal formulations improve bioavailability by promoting direct absorption across the intestinal barrier rather than passive diffusion.

### What is the recommended daily dosage of cerasomal-cis-9-tetraene borage oil extract for inflammation management?

Clinical trials for GLA-rich borage oil typically use 1,400–2,800 mg daily (providing 240–560 mg of GLA) to demonstrate measurable anti-inflammatory effects in conditions like eczema and rheumatoid arthritis. The cerasomal formulation may allow for lower total doses due to enhanced bioavailability, though optimal cerasomal-specific dosing varies by brand and product concentration. It is advisable to start at the lower end of the range and consult a healthcare provider to determine your individual needs.

### Is cerasomal-cis-9-tetraene borage oil safe to use during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Borage oil is generally not recommended during pregnancy due to the risk of uterine stimulation and potential effects on fetal development, though evidence is limited and mixed. Breastfeeding safety is also unclear, as GLA and other borage compounds transfer into breast milk at unknown concentrations and effects on nursing infants have not been thoroughly studied. Pregnant and nursing women should avoid borage oil supplements, including cerasomal formulations, unless explicitly approved by their obstetrician or healthcare provider.

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*Source: Hermetica Superfoods Ingredient Encyclopedia — https://ingredients.hermeticasuperfoods.com*
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