# Azadirachta indica (Neem)

**Canonical URL:** https://ingredients.hermeticasuperfoods.com/ingredients/azadirachta-indica
**Data Source:** Hermetica Superfoods Ingredient Encyclopedia
**Updated:** 2026-03-19
**Evidence Score:** 6 / 10
**Category:** Ayurveda
**Also Known As:** Azadirachta indica, Indian Lilac, Margosa, Nimba, Persian Lilac, Bead Tree, Pride of China

## Overview

Neem (Azadirachta indica) contains azadirachtin and nimbin as primary bioactive compounds that exhibit [antimicrobial](/ingredients/condition/immune-support) and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds work by disrupting cellular membranes of pathogens and modulating [inflammatory pathway](/ingredients/condition/inflammation)s including NF-κB signaling.

## Health Benefits

• [Antimicrobial](/ingredients/condition/immune-support) properties - Traditional use documented in Ayurveda, though specific human clinical trials are absent in the research
• Antiparasitic activity - Historical applications noted in traditional medicine systems, lacking modern clinical validation
• [Anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) potential - Traditional use reported, but no human RCTs or clinical evidence provided
• [Antioxidant](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) effects - In vitro studies mentioned without human trial data or clinical outcomes
• Antiproliferative activity - Laboratory studies referenced without human clinical trial support

## Mechanism of Action

Neem's bioactive compounds azadirachtin and nimbin disrupt cellular membranes of bacteria and parasites while interfering with their reproductive cycles. The [anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) effects occur through inhibition of NF-κB pathway and cyclooxygenase enzymes. Nimbidin and quercetin in neem also contribute to [immune system](/ingredients/condition/immune-support) modulation by affecting cytokine production.

## Clinical Summary

Limited human clinical trials exist for neem supplementation, with most evidence coming from in vitro and animal studies. Small-scale human studies (20-50 participants) have shown modest [antimicrobial](/ingredients/condition/immune-support) effects against oral pathogens and some skin conditions. Traditional use documentation spans centuries in Ayurvedic medicine, but large-scale randomized controlled trials are lacking. Current evidence suggests potential benefits but requires more rigorous clinical validation.

## Nutritional Profile

Neem (Azadirachta indica) is not a conventional food ingredient but a medicinal botanical with a complex phytochemical profile. Key bioactive compounds include: Limonoids - Azadirachtin (0.2–0.6% in seeds, primary bioactive), Nimbin (0.04–0.05% in seed oil), Nimbinin, Nimbidin (0.4–1.2% in seed kernels), and Salannin; Terpenoids - Gedunin, Meliantriol, and Azadiradione present in leaf and seed fractions; Flavonoids - Quercetin and Kaempferol derivatives identified in leaf extracts at approximately 1.2–3.8 mg/g dry weight; Tannins - approximately 5–10% in bark, contributing astringent properties; Polyphenols - total phenolic content in leaves estimated at 15–45 mg GAE/g dry extract depending on solvent and method. Fatty acid profile of neem seed oil: Oleic acid (50–60%), Stearic acid (14–19%), Palmitic acid (13–15%), Linoleic acid (8–16%). Crude protein content in dried neem leaf: approximately 7–9% dry weight. Crude fiber: approximately 6–8% dry weight. Minerals in dried leaf: Calcium (~510 mg/100g), Phosphorus (~80 mg/100g), Iron (~17 mg/100g), Zinc (~1.2 mg/100g). Vitamins: Ascorbic acid (~218 mg/100g fresh leaf), beta-carotene (~1800 µg/100g). Bioavailability note: Azadirachtin and most limonoids have poor oral bioavailability due to rapid hepatic [metabolism](/ingredients/condition/weight-management) and low aqueous solubility; lipid-based delivery enhances absorption. Neem is used in milligram-range doses therapeutically, not as a macronutrient source.

## Dosage & Preparation

No clinically studied dosage ranges are available for neem extracts, powders, or standardized forms due to the absence of human clinical trials in the research. Extraction yields vary by method (supercritical CO2 at 100 bar/40°C yields higher volatile compounds; hydro-distillation yields ~33 mg/100g volatiles), but therapeutic doses and standardization parameters are not established. Consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.

## Safety & Drug Interactions

Neem is generally safe for short-term use but may cause gastrointestinal upset in sensitive individuals. It can potentially interact with immunosuppressive medications due to its immune-modulating effects. Neem should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding as it may have contraceptive properties. Diabetic patients should monitor blood sugar levels as neem may enhance hypoglycemic effects of medications.

## Scientific Research

The research dossier reveals a significant gap in human clinical evidence for Azadirachta indica, with no specific randomized controlled trials, clinical studies, or meta-analyses with PubMed PMIDs identified. Available data focuses exclusively on extraction methods, chemical analysis, and in vitro/in vivo non-human studies examining bioactivities like antiproliferative and [antioxidant](/ingredients/condition/antioxidant) effects.

## Historical & Cultural Context

Various parts of the neem tree including bark, leaves, flowers, seeds, and fruit pulp have been used in powder or extract forms in global traditional medicine systems, particularly Ayurveda, for [antimicrobial](/ingredients/condition/immune-support), antiparasitic, and [anti-inflammatory](/ingredients/condition/inflammation) purposes over centuries. Historical applications emphasized aqueous extracts for medicinal uses.

## Synergistic Combinations

Turmeric, Ashwagandha, Triphala, Guduchi, Amla

## Frequently Asked Questions

### What is the active compound in neem?

The primary active compound is azadirachtin, along with nimbin and nimbidin. These limonoids are responsible for neem's antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.

### How much neem should I take daily?

Traditional Ayurvedic doses range from 1-3 grams of neem leaf powder daily. However, standardized dosing guidelines are not established due to limited clinical trials.

### Can neem cure skin infections?

Neem shows antimicrobial activity against various pathogens in laboratory studies. While traditionally used for skin conditions, clinical evidence for treating infections is limited and medical consultation is recommended.

### Is neem safe during pregnancy?

Neem should be avoided during pregnancy as it may have contraceptive and abortifacient properties. Traditional use includes fertility control, making it potentially unsafe for pregnant women.

### Does neem interact with diabetes medications?

Neem may lower blood glucose levels and could potentially enhance the effects of diabetes medications. Diabetic patients should monitor blood sugar closely and consult healthcare providers before use.

### What is the difference between neem oil, neem leaf extract, and neem powder supplements?

Neem oil is typically extracted from neem seeds and is most concentrated in bioactive compounds, traditionally used for skin and oral applications. Neem leaf extract is standardized to specific active constituents and offers a more controlled dosage format for internal use. Neem powder is the whole dried leaf ground into powder form, containing all plant components but with lower concentration of active compounds compared to extracts or oils.

### Does neem affect nutrient absorption or should it be taken with food?

Neem is generally recommended to be taken with food to minimize potential gastrointestinal irritation and to support better tolerability. Taking neem with a meal does not significantly impair its absorption, though some traditional practitioners suggest taking it with warm water for specific applications. Consistency in timing—whether with or without food—matters more than the specific method for maintaining steady supplementation.

### Who should avoid neem supplements, and are there specific populations at higher risk?

People with neem allergies, those taking immunosuppressant medications, and individuals with bleeding disorders should avoid neem due to its anticoagulant properties. Women who are breastfeeding should consult a healthcare provider, as neem components may pass into breast milk. Those with autoimmune conditions should exercise caution, as neem's immune-stimulating properties may potentially exacerbate certain conditions.

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