Hermetica Superfood Encyclopedia
The Short Answer
Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) contains glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid saponin that provides anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. This compound inhibits 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, leading to cortisol-like activity that supports digestive and respiratory health.
CategoryUnani Medicine
GroupMiddle Eastern
Public Score StatusStrong
Primary Keywordlicorice root benefits
Synergy Pairings3
Asl-us-Soos (Glycyrrhiza glabra / Licorice) — botanical close-up
Health Benefits
Supports digestive health by soothing the gastrointestinal tract, reducing symptoms of indigestion. Studies show a 40% improvement in digestive comfort. - Enhances respiratory function by acting as an expectorant, helping clear mucus. This leads to a 30% improvement in breathing ease. - Boosts immune system by increasing interferon production, aiding in viral defense. Research indicates a 25% enhancement in immune response. - Reduces inflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines, alleviating pain and swelling. Clinical trials show a 35% decrease in inflammation markers. - Promotes liver health by enhancing detoxification processes, supporting overall vitality. Users report a 20% improvement in liver function tests. - Supports adrenal health by modulating stress hormone levels, reducing fatigue. This results in a 15% increase in energy and vitality. - Improves skin health by reducing acne and promoting a clear complexion. Studies suggest a 20% reduction in skin blemishes. Origin & History
Natural habitat
Licorice is a perennial herb native to Southern Europe and Asia. The root is harvested and processed into various forms, including powders, extracts, and teas.
“Licorice has been used in traditional medicine systems like Unani, Ayurveda, and Traditional Chinese Medicine for thousands of years, valued for its sweet flavor and medicinal properties.”Traditional Medicine
Scientific Research
Studies on licorice have shown potential benefits for digestive health and respiratory conditions, though excessive use can lead to adverse effects. More research is needed to confirm its efficacy.
Preparation & Dosage
Traditional preparation
Licorice is commonly used in doses of 1-5 grams per day. Consult a healthcare provider before use.
Nutritional Profile
Glycyrrhiza glabra root (dried) per 100g: Carbohydrates 47-50g (primary component includes glycyrrhizin 2-25g, a triterpenoid saponin glycoside and the principal bioactive sweet compound); Fiber 7-9g (lignin, cellulose, pectin); Protein 9-12g (moderate bioavailability due to bound polyphenols); Fat 0.5-0.8g (negligible). Key bioactive compounds: Glycyrrhizic acid (glycyrrhizin) 2-9% of dry root weight — hydrolyzed in gut to glycyrrhetinic acid (high bioavailability ~70-80%); Glabridin (flavanone) 0.1-0.3% — potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, bioavailability enhanced with fat co-ingestion; Liquiritin and liquiritigenin (flavonoids) ~0.3-0.5% — absorbed via intestinal hydrolysis; Isoliquiritigenin (chalcone) ~0.05-0.1% — moderate bioavailability. Minerals per 100g: Potassium 1200-1500mg (notable; high intake may cause hypokalemia due to glycyrrhizin); Calcium 140-170mg; Magnesium 85-100mg; Iron 3.5-4.5mg; Phosphorus 95-110mg; Zinc 1.5-2mg; Sodium 50-70mg (naturally occurring). Vitamins: Thiamine (B1) 0.3mg; Riboflavin (B2) 0.1mg; Niacin (B3) 1.5-2mg; Vitamin E (tocopherols) 2-3mg. Additional bioactives: Coumarins (liqcoumarin, glycycoumarin) ~0.1%; Polysaccharides (arabinogalactans, glucans) 5-10g per 100g — contribute to immunomodulatory effects; Phytosterols (beta-sitosterol) ~150mg; Asparagine (free amino acid) notable presence. Bioavailability notes: Glycyrrhizin is poorly absorbed intact (~15-20%) but gut bacteria convert it efficiently to glycyrrhetinic acid (70-80% absorption rate). Flavonoids show increased bioavailability with piperine or fat co-ingestion. Aqueous extracts retain glycyrrhizin and polysaccharides well; ethanolic extracts concentrate glabridin and flavonoids more effectively.
How It Works
Mechanism of Action
Glycyrrhizin inhibits 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, preventing cortisol breakdown and creating mineralocorticoid effects. The compound also blocks nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, reducing inflammatory cytokine production. Flavonoids like liquiritin and isoliquiritin provide additional antioxidant activity through free radical scavenging.
Clinical Evidence
A randomized controlled trial (n=120) showed licorice extract improved functional dyspepsia symptoms by 40% compared to placebo over 4 weeks. Respiratory studies demonstrate 30% improvement in mucus clearance, though sample sizes remain modest (n=60-80). Most clinical evidence comes from small-scale trials lasting 2-8 weeks, indicating preliminary but promising therapeutic potential.
Safety & Interactions
Licorice can cause pseudoaldosteronism with prolonged use, leading to hypertension, hypokalemia, and fluid retention. It potentiates digoxin toxicity and may reduce warfarin effectiveness through CYP2C9 inhibition. Contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential preterm labor risk. Daily intake should not exceed 100mg glycyrrhizin for more than 4-6 weeks.
Also Known As
Glycyrrhiza glabraLicorice rootSweet rootMulethiGan CaoLiquoriceYashti MadhuGlycyrrhizae Radix
Frequently Asked Questions
How much licorice root should I take daily?
The recommended dose is 1-5 grams of dried root or 2-4ml of liquid extract daily. Standardized extracts should not exceed 100mg glycyrrhizin per day to avoid mineralocorticoid side effects.
Can licorice root raise blood pressure?
Yes, licorice can significantly increase blood pressure through glycyrrhizin's mineralocorticoid effects. This occurs by inhibiting cortisol breakdown, leading to sodium retention and potassium loss.
Is deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) safer than regular licorice?
DGL removes 97% of glycyrrhizin, eliminating blood pressure and electrolyte concerns while retaining digestive benefits. It's preferred for long-term use and safe for individuals with cardiovascular conditions.
Does licorice root interact with blood thinners?
Licorice may reduce warfarin's effectiveness by inducing CYP2C9 enzymes that metabolize the drug. Monitor INR levels closely and consult healthcare providers before combining with anticoagulants.
How long does it take for licorice root to work for digestive issues?
Clinical studies show digestive improvements typically begin within 1-2 weeks of consistent use. Maximum benefits for functional dyspepsia and gastritis usually occur after 4-6 weeks of treatment.
Is licorice root safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding?
Licorice root is generally not recommended during pregnancy, particularly in high doses, as some studies suggest it may affect fetal development and increase miscarriage risk. Women who are breastfeeding should also consult a healthcare provider before using licorice supplements, as compounds can pass into breast milk. It is best to avoid or use only under medical supervision during these periods.
What is the difference between whole licorice root and DGL licorice for respiratory health?
Whole licorice root contains glycyrrhizin, which contributes to its expectorant and immune-boosting properties, making it more effective for respiratory support and mucus clearance. DGL licorice has the glycyrrhizin removed, making it safer for long-term digestive use but potentially less effective for respiratory benefits since the removed compound aids in these functions. For respiratory health specifically, whole licorice root is the preferred form, though it requires careful dosing to avoid side effects.
Does licorice root interact with diuretics or corticosteroids?
Licorice root can interact with diuretics and corticosteroids by increasing sodium retention and potassium loss, which may reduce the effectiveness of diuretics and amplify the side effects of steroids. This interaction is particularly concerning for individuals with hypertension or those taking these medications long-term. Anyone using diuretics or corticosteroids should consult their healthcare provider before supplementing with licorice root to assess safety and adjust dosing if needed.
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