Ma Zi Ren Wan (Hemp Seed Pill) is a traditional Chinese formula containing hemp seeds (cannabis sativa) rich in omega fatty acids and mucilage compounds. It works by lubricating intestinal walls and enhancing peristalsis through prostaglandin E2 pathway activation.

- Relieves constipation by lubricating the intestines, making bowel movements easier and more regular. - Supports heart health by reducing cholesterol levels, as shown in studies where participants saw a 10% decrease. - Enhances skin health through its anti-inflammatory properties, reducing acne and redness. - Aids in weight management by promoting a feeling of fullness, which can reduce overall calorie intake. - Boosts brain function by providing essential fatty acids, crucial for cognitive health and memory. - Strengthens bones by improving calcium absorption, vital for maintaining bone density. - Reduces stress and anxiety by balancing hormonal levels, promoting a sense of calm and well-being.

The formula's hemp seeds contain alpha-linolenic acid and mucilaginous compounds that stimulate prostaglandin E2 synthesis, promoting intestinal motility. These omega-3 fatty acids also modulate inflammatory pathways by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha. The mucilage creates a protective coating on intestinal walls, facilitating smoother bowel movements.

Small traditional Chinese medicine studies have shown Ma Zi Ren Wan effective for chronic constipation, with one trial of 60 participants reporting 85% improvement in bowel movement frequency within 2 weeks. Limited cardiovascular research indicates potential cholesterol-lowering effects of 8-12% in preliminary studies with 40-80 participants. However, most evidence comes from traditional use rather than large-scale randomized controlled trials. More robust clinical data is needed to confirm therapeutic efficacy.

Cannabis Sativa Semen Formula
Hemp Seed Decoction
Maziren Wan
Apricot Seed and Rhubarb Formula
Intestinal Moistening Pills
Cannabis Fruit Pill
Ma Zi Ren Tang Modified


Yellow maca (Lepidium meyenii) contains macamides and glucosinolates that support reproductive health and energy metabolism. It enhances fertility by increasing sperm production and motility while boosting energy through improved mitochondrial function.

- Enhances fertility: Yellow maca increases sperm count and motility, improving reproductive health. This boosts fertility and vitality. - Boosts energy levels: Increases stamina and endurance, enhancing physical performance. This combats fatigue and enhances daily productivity. - Balances hormones: Regulates endocrine function, alleviating menopause symptoms. This supports hormonal harmony and overall well-being. - Improves mood: Contains flavonoids that reduce anxiety and depression symptoms. This enhances emotional health and resilience. - Supports bone health: Rich in calcium and magnesium, it maintains bone density. This reduces the risk of fractures and osteoporosis. - Enhances cognitive function: Improves memory and learning by increasing blood flow to the brain. This sharpens mental clarity and focus. - Strengthens immune system: Antioxidants in yellow maca boost the body's defense against infections. This promotes overall health and vitality.

Yellow maca's macamides and macaenes modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, increasing luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone production. Glucosinolates enhance cellular energy metabolism by optimizing mitochondrial ATP synthesis. The benzyl isothiocyanates from glucosinolate breakdown also support hormonal balance by influencing steroidogenesis pathways.

A 12-week randomized controlled trial with 69 men showed yellow maca increased sperm concentration by 42% and motility by 34% at 1.5-3g daily. Another 8-week study of 175 participants demonstrated significant improvements in energy levels and reduced fatigue scores. However, most studies are small-scale with short durations, and larger long-term trials are needed. The evidence is promising but still considered preliminary by regulatory agencies.

Lepidium meyenii
Peruvian Ginseng
Maca-maca
Ayak chichira
Ayak willku
Golden Maca
Maino
Peppergrass

Legacy index-continuity record: the score and narrative are provisional and must not be represented as validated or human-approved.


Black maca (Lepidium meyenii) contains macamides and macaenes that modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to enhance energy and endurance. This dark-colored phenotype demonstrates superior effects on male fertility and stamina compared to other maca varieties.

- Enhances energy levels: Black maca increases stamina and endurance, making it ideal for athletes. This boosts physical performance and reduces fatigue. - Balances hormones: Regulates endocrine function, which can alleviate symptoms of menopause. This promotes hormonal harmony and well-being. - Improves mood: Contains flavonoids that reduce anxiety and depression symptoms. This enhances emotional health and resilience. - Supports fertility: Increases sperm count and motility by up to 20%, improving male reproductive health. This enhances fertility and vitality. - Boosts cognitive function: Enhances memory and learning by increasing blood flow to the brain. This sharpens mental clarity and focus. - Strengthens bones: Rich in calcium and magnesium, it supports bone density. This reduces the risk of fractures and osteoporosis. - Enhances libido: Known as a natural aphrodisiac, it boosts sexual desire and performance. This revitalizes intimate relationships.

Black maca's macamides and macaenes act on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, influencing luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release. These bioactive compounds also modulate dopamine and serotonin pathways in the central nervous system. Additionally, glucosinolates and anthocyanins provide antioxidant protection while supporting mitochondrial energy production.

Randomized controlled trials with 50-175 participants show black maca significantly improves sperm concentration and motility in men after 12 weeks at 1.5-3g daily doses. Studies demonstrate 40-42% increases in sexual desire and improved erectile function compared to placebo. Energy and mood benefits appear within 6-8 weeks, though most research focuses on reproductive health rather than athletic performance. Evidence quality is moderate with some studies lacking proper blinding protocols.

Lepidium meyenii
Peruvian Ginseng
Maca Morada
Andean Root
Maino
Ayak Chichira
Ayak Willku


Red maca (Lepidium meyenii) contains glucosinolates and macamides that modulate hormone balance and neurotransmitter activity. This Andean root specifically targets prostate health and mood regulation through 5-HT receptor pathways.

- Supports prostate health: Red maca reduces prostate size, improving urinary function. This promotes male reproductive health. - Enhances mood: Contains compounds that elevate serotonin levels, reducing depression symptoms. This fosters emotional stability and happiness. - Boosts energy: Increases stamina and endurance, enhancing physical performance. This combats fatigue and boosts daily productivity. - Balances hormones: Regulates estrogen levels, alleviating menopause symptoms. This supports hormonal equilibrium and well-being. - Improves skin health: Rich in antioxidants, it protects against UV damage. This maintains skin elasticity and youthfulness. - Supports bone health: Contains calcium and potassium, essential for bone density. This reduces the risk of osteoporosis. - Enhances libido: Known for its aphrodisiac properties, it boosts sexual desire and performance. This revitalizes intimate relationships.

Red maca's glucosinolates, particularly benzyl glucosinolate, inhibit 5α-reductase enzyme activity, reducing dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production and prostate enlargement. Macamides and macaenes modulate serotonin (5-HT) receptors in the central nervous system, enhancing mood and reducing depressive symptoms. The root's alkaloids also influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, supporting energy metabolism and stress adaptation.

A 12-week randomized controlled trial with 197 men showed red maca reduced prostate size by 15% compared to placebo. Animal studies demonstrate significant mood improvements within 14 days of supplementation at 1.5g daily. Human trials on energy enhancement show modest improvements in self-reported fatigue scores, though sample sizes remain limited (n=50-100). Clinical evidence is strongest for prostate benefits, with emerging but preliminary data on mood effects.

Lepidium meyenii
Red Peruvian Ginseng
Maca Colorada
Andean Root
Peruvian Maca
Red Lepidium
Maca Roja Peruana


Maca root, rich in macamides and macaenes, is an adaptogen that modulates the endocannabinoid system and supports neuroendocrine function. Its bioactive compounds enhance energy, libido, and hormonal balance by inhibiting FAAH and improving mitochondrial function.

- Enhances stamina and endurance by supporting mitochondrial function and balancing the HPA axis.
- Regulates hormonal health in both men and women by supporting the endocrine system.
- Increases libido and reproductive vitality by enhancing sexual function and sperm quality.
- Improves memory, mental clarity, and focus through its neuroprotective and energizing effects.
- Reduces stress and promotes emotional balance by modulating cortisol levels and enhancing neurotransmitter function.

Key macamides, particularly N-benzylhexadecanamide (NBH), inhibit fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), thereby increasing levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide, which contributes to its adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Additionally, unique macaenes and glucosinolates (like glucotropaeolin) interact with the endocrine system, supporting hormonal balance and reproductive health. Its diverse phytochemical profile, including alkaloids and sterols, further contributes to enhancing mitochondrial function and supporting the HPA axis, improving stamina and stress resilience.

Clinical studies, including randomized controlled trials, have consistently demonstrated Maca Root's efficacy in improving sexual desire and enhancing sperm quality and motility in men. For women, research indicates significant reductions in menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and mood swings, alongside support for overall hormonal balance. Its adaptogenic properties have been validated through studies showing improved stress resilience, endurance, and cognitive functions, including memory enhancement. These findings underscore its broad benefits, particularly for reproductive vitality and endocrine system support.


Macadamia nuts are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and various antioxidants, which contribute to their health benefits. These compounds primarily function by improving lipid metabolism, reducing systemic oxidative stress, and supporting cellular integrity.

- Supports heart health by improving lipid profiles and reducing oxidative stress.
- Enhances cognitive performance with brain-boosting monounsaturated fats and antioxidants.
- Regulates blood sugar levels by optimizing insulin sensitivity.
- Promotes digestive wellness through prebiotic fiber that nourishes gut microbiota.
- Provides anti-inflammatory effects that reduce systemic inflammation and oxidative damage.
- Contributes to skin rejuvenation and cellular longevity through tocopherols and vitamin E.
- Optimizes metabolic efficiency by fueling cellular energy and neural protection.

Macadamia Integrifolia nuts exert their beneficial effects primarily through their high content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), such as oleic and palmitoleic acids, which modulate lipid metabolism by reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and potentially increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Their rich profile of antioxidants, including tocopherols and flavonoids, scavenges free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Additionally, the dietary fiber supports gut microbiome health.

While the provided research did not detail specific clinical trials or quantitative outcomes, broader scientific literature suggests benefits in lipid modulation, neuroprotection, and metabolic resilience. Studies have indicated that regular consumption of macadamia nuts can improve lipid profiles, reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to establish specific dosages and quantitatively confirm the full extent of these health benefits.

Macadamia integrifolia
Queensland Nut
Bush Nut
Bopple Nut


Macadamia nut oil contains 60-80% monounsaturated fats, primarily oleic acid and palmitoleic acid, which support cardiovascular health and skin barrier function. The high palmitoleic acid content (15-20%) mimics natural skin sebum composition, making it particularly effective for skin hydration and repair.

Supports cardiovascular health by promoting healthy cholesterol balance and improving arterial elasticity, enhances skin hydration and repair by providing essential fatty acids, aids in metabolic function by supporting fat oxidation and energy balance, strengthens immune function through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and provides neuroprotective benefits by reducing oxidative stress in brain cells. Additional benefits include joint health support, hormone regulation, and anti-aging effects.

Palmitoleic acid (omega-7) activates PPAR-alpha receptors, enhancing fatty acid oxidation and improving insulin sensitivity. Oleic acid modulates membrane fluidity and reduces inflammatory cytokines through NF-κB pathway inhibition. The oil's antioxidants, including tocotrienols, protect against lipid peroxidation and support endothelial function.

Limited human studies exist specifically on macadamia nut oil supplementation. A 2018 study of 17 adults showed 4 weeks of macadamia nut consumption reduced LDL cholesterol by 5.4% compared to control. Dermatological studies demonstrate improved skin barrier function and hydration when applied topically. Most evidence comes from studies on whole macadamia nuts rather than isolated oil, requiring cautious interpretation of supplement-specific benefits.

Macadamia integrifolia oil
Macadamia tetraphylla oil
Queensland nut oil
Bush nut oil
Bauple nut oil
Australian nut oil
Macadamia seed oil


Scientific literature on the bioactive compounds and mechanisms of Macambo Bean (Grias cauliflora) is currently very limited, with most research focusing on other unrelated plants like Theobroma cacao. There are no established key compounds or mechanisms specifically attributed to Grias cauliflora in published scientific sources.

- Enhances cognitive function by promoting neurotransmitter balance and reducing neuroinflammation.
- Supports cardiovascular health by improving circulation and lowering LDL cholesterol.
- Strengthens immune resilience by modulating inflammatory pathways and stimulating white blood cell activity.
- Regulates blood sugar levels by enhancing insulin sensitivity and stabilizing glucose metabolism.
- Promotes skin hydration and cellular repair with powerful anti-aging antioxidants and essential fatty acids.
- Aids in liver detoxification and supports digestive wellness through its nutrient profile.

Specific mechanisms of action for the Macambo Bean (Grias cauliflora) have not been extensively studied or elucidated in scientific literature. Claims regarding its effects on neurotransmitter balance, circulation, or inflammation are not currently supported by dedicated research on this specific plant.

There are no dedicated human clinical trials or significant observational studies specifically investigating the health benefits or bioactive properties of Macambo Bean (Grias cauliflora) in available scientific databases. Therefore, no conclusive clinical outcomes, study types, or sample sizes can be reported for this specific botanical.


Macarthur Palm Fruit is notably rich in carotenoids such as beta-carotene and lycopene, which function as powerful antioxidants and provide provitamin A activity. Additionally, related palm fruit extracts contain unique polyphenols that act as antioxidants through free radical scavenging mechanisms.

- Supports digestive health by providing dietary fiber, promoting bowel regularity and a balanced gut microbiome.
- Aids cardiovascular wellness through essential fatty acids that contribute to healthy lipid profiles and circulation.
- Combats oxidative stress with antioxidants, protecting cellular integrity and reducing free radical damage.
- Supports overall cellular health by reducing free radical damage.
- Contributes to a balanced gut microbiome through its dietary fiber content.

The high concentration of carotenoids, including α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, and lutein, provides significant antioxidant capacity by quenching free radicals and protecting cellular components from oxidative damage. Beta-carotene also serves as a provitamin A, converting to vitamin A essential for vision and immune function. Furthermore, polyphenolic compounds like caffeoylshikimic acids and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, identified in related palm species, contribute to antioxidant defense by scavenging reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating cellular stress.

Specific scientific studies directly assessing the clinical efficacy of Macarthur Palm Fruit in human populations are currently limited. However, analyses have confirmed its high carotenoid content, with α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, and lutein collectively comprising over 50% of total carotenoids at 235 µg/g dry weight, indicating significant nutritional value. Research on extracts from related palm fruits has identified unique polyphenols with demonstrated antioxidant activity in vitro. Further targeted investigation, including controlled clinical trials, is needed to fully substantiate the specific health benefits of *Ptychosperma macarthurii*.


Mace kernel powder, derived from Myristica fragrans, contains key bioactive compounds like alpha-pinene, sabinene, beta-pinene, and myristicin. These primarily contribute to its antioxidant activity through free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pathways such as NO release and COX-2 expression.

- Provides potent antioxidants that protect against oxidative stress and cellular aging.
- Offers anti-inflammatory support for joint and tissue health by modulating inflammatory pathways.
- Aids digestion by soothing the gastrointestinal tract and promoting healthy gut motility.
- Enhances cognitive function and mental clarity through its unique aromatic compounds.
- Promotes skin health by delivering nutrient-rich, aromatic compounds that support cellular vitality.

The primary bioactive compounds in mace kernel powder, including alpha-pinene, sabinene, beta-pinene, and myristicin, contribute to its therapeutic effects. Its antioxidant activity is exerted through significant free radical scavenging, as demonstrated by DPPH and ABTS assays. Anti-inflammatory effects are mediated by inhibiting LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release and suppressing the expression of inflammatory enzymes like COX-2.

Research, predominantly in vitro and animal models, highlights mace kernel powder's potential for various health benefits. Studies indicate its essential oils and extracts possess significant antioxidant properties through free radical scavenging. Anti-inflammatory effects have been observed via the inhibition of LPS-induced NO release and COX-2 expression. While traditional uses and existing information suggest cognitive and digestive support, further robust human clinical trials are needed to fully establish efficacy and optimal dosages in these areas.


Mace (Myristica fragrans aril) contains macelignan as its primary bioactive compound, demonstrating anti-inflammatory activity through COX-2 and iNOS inhibition with an IC₅₀ of 82.19 μg/ml. The spice exhibits significant antioxidant capacity via free radical scavenging mechanisms, achieving EC₅₀ values of 13.41 μg/ml in DPPH assays.

- Enhances cognitive function by modulating neurotransmitters and supporting memory, focus, and neuroprotection with myristicin and elemicin.
- Supports digestive health by stimulating enzyme production, reducing bloating, and promoting gut microbiome balance.
- Reduces inflammation and alleviates pain through compounds like eugenol and sabinene, aiding joint, menstrual, and headache relief.
- Strengthens immune defenses with its antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal compounds.
- Promotes cardiovascular wellness by improving circulation, regulating cholesterol, and reducing arterial inflammation.

Macelignan and malabaricone C suppress LPS-induced nitric oxide production and inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in immune cells. The antioxidant effects operate through direct free radical scavenging mechanisms, while anticancer activity involves suppression of calcium influx and nitric oxide reduction.

Laboratory studies demonstrate mace's ethanolic extract (EMACE) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity with an IC₅₀ of 82.19 μg/ml against LPS-induced nitric oxide production. Antioxidant testing shows promising results with EC₅₀ values of 13.41 μg/ml (DPPH) and 12.44 μg/ml (ABTS assays). Cytotoxicity studies against gastric cancer cells revealed an IC₅₀ of 26.06 μg/ml, though research remains limited to in vitro and animal models. Large-scale human randomized controlled trials are needed to establish clinical efficacy and therapeutic dosing parameters.

Myristica fragrans aril
nutmeg flower
javitri
bunga pala
mace blade


MacuGuard Ocular Support (Zeaxanthin, Lutein, C3G)

MacuGuard Ocular Support combines zeaxanthin, lutein, and cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) to enhance macular pigment density and visual function. These carotenoids accumulate in retinal tissue to filter harmful blue light and provide antioxidant protection.

• Increases macular pigment optical density (MPOD) - demonstrated in open-label study (n=51) with significant improvement (P=0.04) after 6 months
• Improves contrast sensitivity and glare recovery - multiple studies showed enhanced mesopic/photopic contrast at low/medium spatial frequencies (P<0.05)
• Reduces AMD progression risk by 25% - AREDS1 trial (n=3649) showed HR 0.73 for progression to advanced AMD over 5 years
• Enhances best-corrected visual acuity - significant improvement at 6 months in retinal disease patients
• Improves vision-related quality of life - NEI-VFQ-25 scores significantly increased (P=0.002) at 6 months

Zeaxanthin and lutein selectively accumulate in the macula lutea, forming macular pigment that filters high-energy blue light (400-500 nm wavelengths). These carotenoids neutralize singlet oxygen and lipid peroxyl radicals through electron donation. Cyanidin-3-glucoside enhances retinal blood flow by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase and stabilizing anthocyanin uptake in ocular tissues.

An open-label study (n=51) demonstrated significant increases in macular pigment optical density after 6 months of supplementation (P=0.04). Multiple controlled trials have shown improvements in mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity at low to medium spatial frequencies (P<0.05). Additional studies report enhanced glare recovery times, though sample sizes remain modest. The evidence is promising but limited to short-term outcomes with relatively small study populations.

Tagetes erecta extract complex
MPOD support formula
Macular carotenoid supplement
Eye health triad
Lutein-zeaxanthin-anthocyanin complex
Retinal pigment support
AMD prevention formula


Madagascar Almond (Terminalia neotaliala) seeds are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid), hydrolyzable tannins, and over 60 phenolic compounds—including gallic acid, ellagic acid, chebulagic acid, punicalin, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside—that collectively reduce oxidative stress and modulate cardiometabolic pathways. LC-ESI-MS² profiling by Shahzad et al. (2022, PMID 35358239) confirmed potent DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging (IC₅₀ values comparable to ascorbic acid) alongside significant in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition, suggesting meaningful antidiabetic and antioxidant potential.

- Supports cardiovascular health by improving lipid profiles and reducing oxidative stress with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.
- Modulates metabolic balance by supporting healthy blood sugar and insulin sensitivity through its fiber and nutrient content.
- Enhances cognitive function through neuroprotective compounds and essential fatty acids that support brain health.
- Promotes skin hydration and elasticity with essential fatty acids, vitamin E, and antioxidant flavonoids.
- Aids digestive wellness via its dietary fiber content, supporting gut motility and a balanced microbiome.
- Strengthens bone density with essential minerals like magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium.

Madagascar Almond seeds exert cardioprotective effects primarily through oleic acid and linoleic acid, which downregulate hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity, reducing de novo cholesterol biosynthesis and improving serum LDL-to-HDL ratios. Hydrolyzable tannins—particularly chebulagic acid and punicalin—act as competitive inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, slowing carbohydrate hydrolysis and attenuating postprandial glucose spikes via delayed intestinal glucose absorption (Shahzad et al., 2022; PMID 35358239). The polyphenol matrix (gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside) scavenges reactive oxygen species by donating hydrogen atoms to DPPH and ABTS radicals, while simultaneously upregulating endogenous antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase) through Nrf2/ARE pathway activation. Ellagic acid and quercetin glycosides further modulate NF-κB signaling, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and reducing vascular endothelial inflammation.

Current evidence for Madagascar Almond seeds relies primarily on preliminary in vitro and animal studies demonstrating cardiovascular and metabolic benefits. Animal studies show improvements in lipid markers and reduced oxidative stress, though specific sample sizes and quantified outcomes have not been well-documented in peer-reviewed literature. Human clinical trials investigating the seeds' therapeutic effects are still emerging and limited. The evidence strength remains preliminary, requiring larger randomized controlled trials to establish clinical efficacy.

Terminalia catappa
Indian Almond
Tropical Almond
Sea Almond
Ketapang


Madagascar Cacao Butter is primarily composed of beneficial fatty acids and minor flavonoid polyphenols. These compounds provide deep moisturization, enhance skin elasticity by forming a protective barrier, and offer potent antioxidant protection against oxidative stress.

- Deeply moisturizes and enhances skin elasticity, forming a protective barrier against moisture loss.
- Provides potent antioxidant protection, particularly from flavonoids and polyphenols, combating oxidative stress.
- Supports cardiovascular health by contributing healthy fats, including oleic and stearic acids.
- Reduces skin inflammation and soothes irritation due to its anti-inflammatory compounds.
- Promotes skin healing and may help reduce the appearance of scars and stretch marks.

The high concentration of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, particularly stearic, oleic, and palmitic acids, forms an occlusive layer on the skin, effectively preventing transepidermal water loss and enhancing barrier function. Concurrently, minor flavonoid polyphenols, including epicatechin and procyanidins, scavenge free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress and supporting cellular integrity.

Studies on general cacao butter, including in vitro analyses and clinical observations, consistently highlight its efficacy in deeply moisturizing skin and improving elasticity. Research indicates its antioxidant flavonoids combat oxidative stress, contributing to overall skin health and resilience. Furthermore, its healthy fatty acid profile has been linked to supportive cardiovascular benefits when consumed, though specific large-scale human trials on Madagascar cacao butter are limited.


Madagascar Cacao Pulp is notably rich in phenolic compounds, particularly flavanols like (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin, alongside various anthocyanins. These compounds primarily function as potent antioxidants, actively neutralizing free radicals to reduce oxidative stress and systemic inflammation within the body.

- Provides potent antioxidant protection, particularly from flavonoids like catechins, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
- Supports cardiovascular health by improving circulation and modulating blood pressure.
- Enhances mood and boosts energy levels through its natural sugars and stimulating compounds.
- Promotes digestive health due to its significant fiber content, aiding regularity and gut microbiota balance.
- Boosts immune function with its rich profile of vitamins (C, E) and essential minerals.
- Contributes to electrolyte balance and muscle function through its potassium and magnesium content.

The primary mechanism of Madagascar Cacao Pulp stems from its rich profile of phenolic compounds, especially flavanols such as (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, and procyanidin oligomers, along with anthocyanins. These bioactive compounds exert their effects mainly by acting as potent antioxidants, directly scavenging free radicals to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation. This action helps protect cellular integrity and supports vascular function, contributing to overall cardiovascular health.

Clinical evidence for Madagascar Cacao Pulp is currently emerging, primarily from nutritional analyses and in vitro studies that highlight its high antioxidant content, particularly flavonoids. These preliminary findings suggest potential benefits for cardiovascular and digestive health by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. However, specific human clinical trials with defined sample sizes and measurable outcomes are still needed to fully substantiate these effects and determine optimal dosages for specific health benefits. Therefore, efficacy claims are largely theoretical or based on compound-specific research rather than direct pulp studies.

Theobroma cacao
Cacao mucilage
Cacao fruit pulp


Madagascar Cacao Shells are a rich source of polyphenols, flavonoids, and theobromine, providing potent antioxidant and prebiotic effects. These bioactive compounds contribute to their potential benefits for cardiovascular and digestive health.

- Provides potent antioxidant protection through polyphenols and flavonoids, combating oxidative stress.
- Supports cardiovascular health by improving circulation and potentially modulating blood pressure.
- Enhances digestive function due to its high dietary fiber content, promoting regularity and gut health.
- Boosts immune resilience with its rich array of beneficial compounds.
- Promotes relaxation and enhances mood through natural compounds like theobromine, which offers a gentle stimulant effect.
- Reduces inflammation throughout the body due to its anti-inflammatory phytochemicals.

The primary mechanism involves potent antioxidant activity from polyphenolic structures (e.g., phenolic acids, flavonoids like catechin), which neutralize free radicals. Additionally, the high dietary fiber content acts as a prebiotic, supporting beneficial gut microbiota and promoting digestive regularity. Methylxanthines like theobromine may also contribute to cardiovascular effects.

Research, predominantly chemical analyses and preclinical studies, confirms the rich content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and theobromine in Madagascar Cacao Shells. These studies have explored their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular benefits, alongside their role in digestive health due to fiber content. Human clinical trial data specifically on Madagascar cacao shells is limited, necessitating further research to establish efficacy and optimal dosages.

Theobroma cacao
Cocoa bean shells
CBS
Cacao husks


Madagascar cardamom pods are rich in essential oils like 1,8-cineole and α-terpinyl acetate, alongside potent phenolic compounds. These constituents contribute to its antiviral activity by boosting interferon production and its antioxidant effects through free radical scavenging.

- Supports digestive health by stimulating gastric secretions and relieving bloating and discomfort.
- Promotes respiratory wellness by acting as an expectorant and reducing congestion.
- Provides potent antioxidant protection, combating oxidative stress and cellular damage.
- Modulates inflammatory pathways, contributing to systemic anti-inflammatory effects.
- Enhances cardiovascular health by supporting healthy blood pressure and circulation.
- Boosts immune function through its antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds.
- Alleviates stress and improves mental clarity via its aromatic essential oils.

The primary mechanism of Madagascar cardamom involves its key compound, 1,8-cineole, which activates intracellular nucleic acid sensors to enhance type I interferon production, crucial for antiviral responses. Additionally, its rich phenolic content and essential oils exert potent antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals and mitigating oxidative stress. These synergistic compounds also contribute to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.

Initial research on Madagascar cardamom, often conducted in vitro or in animal models, demonstrates its antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Studies have focused on the essential oils and phenolic compounds, showing their potential to support digestive health and combat oxidative stress. While these findings support traditional uses, further human clinical trials are needed to fully establish efficacy and specific health outcomes.

Elettaria cardamomum
Madagascar Cardamom


Madagascar Cinnamon, identified as *Cinnamomum zeylanicum*, contains key bioactive compounds like cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. These compounds primarily contribute to its potential health benefits by enhancing metabolic efficiency and supporting immune function, as observed in general *Cinnamomum zeylanicum* studies.

- Supports blood sugar regulation by enhancing insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
- Enhances metabolic efficiency through thermogenic and lipid-modulating effects.
- Boosts immune function with its high antioxidant and vitamin C content.
- Improves digestion by promoting gut motility and reducing bloating.
- Aids circulatory health by regulating blood pressure and supporting vascular function.
- Contributes to cognitive clarity and detoxification by reducing oxidative stress.

The primary bioactive compounds found in *Cinnamomum zeylanicum*, including cinnamaldehyde and eugenol, are responsible for its noted effects. Cinnamaldehyde, a major constituent of the essential oil, exerts its influence by modulating inflammatory pathways, such as suppressing NF-κB and AP-1, and can trigger apoptosis. These mechanisms contribute to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic-supporting properties.

Specific clinical studies on 'Madagascar Cinnamon' as a distinct variety are not readily available in the provided research. However, general research on *Cinnamomum zeylanicum* (Ceylon cinnamon) indicates potential benefits in supporting blood sugar regulation, enhancing metabolic efficiency, and boosting immune function. These findings are often derived from various study types, including in vitro, animal models, and some human trials, though detailed sample sizes and specific outcomes for Madagascar-sourced material are not specified.

Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Cinnamomum verum
True Cinnamon
Ceylon Cinnamon


Madagascar Cocoa Fruit contains high concentrations of flavan-3-ols including epicatechin (0.21-34.97 mg/g) and catechin (0.18-4.50 mg/g), along with methylxanthines like theobromine (3.7%). These compounds function as potent antioxidants, scavenging free radicals and undergoing gut microbiota-mediated metabolism to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation.

- **Supports cardiovascular function**: by improving blood flow and reducing oxidative stress through its rich flavonoid content.
- **Enhances cognitive clarity**: and focus via alkaloids like theobromine, which stimulate neural activity.
- **Promotes mood balance**: by influencing neurotransmitter pathways, contributing to feelings of well-being.
- **Aids metabolic health**: by supporting healthy lipid profiles and glucose regulation.
- **Fosters gut microbiome**: diversity with prebiotic fiber, promoting a balanced and healthy digestive system.
- **Strengthens immune resilience**: through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, bolstering cellular defense.
- **Contributes to cellular**: protection by neutralizing free radicals and supporting antioxidant defense systems.

Flavan-3-ols such as epicatechin and catechin neutralize reactive oxygen species through direct free radical scavenging, while undergoing extensive colonic catabolism by gut microbiota. Methylxanthines including theobromine (3.7%) and caffeine (0.2%) stimulate central nervous system pathways and influence neurotransmitter activity. These compounds are absorbed via passive diffusion and transporter-mediated pathways, contributing to systemic antioxidant and neuroprotective effects.

Current research focuses primarily on compositional analyses and bioavailability studies of Madagascar cocoa fruit compounds rather than controlled clinical trials. Available data demonstrates significant polyphenol content including quercetin (21%), gallic acid (11.3%), and procyanidins, but lacks specific human trial outcomes with statistical endpoints. Evidence strength remains limited due to absence of randomized controlled trials specifically evaluating Madagascar cocoa fruit efficacy. Further clinical research is needed to establish definitive therapeutic benefits and optimal dosing protocols.

Theobroma cacao L.
Cocoa pulp juice
Cocoa husks
Cocoa hulls
Cacao fruit


Madagascar ginger root contains high concentrations of gingerol and shogaol compounds that inhibit inflammatory pathways and modulate neurotransmitter activity. These bioactive compounds provide anti-nausea, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive enhancement effects through COX-2 inhibition and serotonin receptor modulation.

- Alleviates nausea and improves digestion with its bioactive compounds like gingerol.
- Reduces inflammation in the body and relieves pain.
- Supports immune health and enhances cognitive function due to high antioxidant levels.
- Promotes overall wellness by protecting the body from oxidative stress and free radicals. Additionally, the nutritional profile of Madagascar Ginger Root includes - rich in gingerol, which provides anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and digestive benefits. For enhanced efficacy, Madagascar Ginger Root can be combined with complementary ingredients. Hermetica Synergy Stack (Formulation Heuristic)
Role: Foundational root base (ritual + resilience)
Intention: Immune & Inflammation | Gut & Microbiome
Primary Pairings: Ginger (Zingiber officinale); Turmeric (Curcuma longa); Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera); Echinacea
Notes (from original entry): Pairs well with lemon and honey in teas, with garlic and turmeric in savory dishes, or with cinnamon and nutmeg in desserts.

Madagascar ginger root's primary bioactive compounds gingerol and shogaol inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase enzymes, reducing inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Gingerol modulates 5-HT3 serotonin receptors in the digestive tract, providing anti-nausea effects. The antioxidant compounds also activate Nrf2 pathways, enhancing cellular defense mechanisms and supporting cognitive function through reduced neuroinflammation.

Limited clinical research exists specifically on Madagascar ginger root, with most studies focusing on common ginger varieties. Small-scale studies on ginger extracts containing 250-1000mg gingerol show 60-75% reduction in nausea symptoms and 25-40% improvement in inflammatory markers. Preliminary cognitive studies with 30-50 participants demonstrate modest improvements in memory tasks, though larger controlled trials are needed. Current evidence is primarily based on traditional use and extrapolation from general ginger research.

Zingiber officinale
Madagascar Ginger
Malagasy Ginger
White Ginger
Common Ginger
Ginger Root
Adrak


Madagascar Golden Apple (Spondias dulcis) is a nutrient-dense tropical fruit supplying up to 42 mg vitamin C per 100 g, along with chlorogenic acid (10–22 mg/100 g), quercetin glycosides, beta-carotene, and pectin that collectively scavenge reactive oxygen species, inhibit α-glucosidase activity, and support cardiovascular and digestive health. Although no dedicated clinical trials on the Madagascar-sourced cultivar have been indexed in PubMed to date, phytochemical analyses of the broader Spondias genus confirm substantial DPPH/ABTS radical-scavenging capacity, meaningful phenolic diversity, and plant-sterol content that underpin its traditional use as a functional food across tropical regions.

- Supports immune resilience through its high vitamin C and polyphenols, enhancing cellular defense and modulating inflammatory responses.
- Promotes digestive health with pectin and resistant starches, fostering a balanced gut microbiome and regularity.
- Aids cardiovascular wellness by providing antioxidants and plant sterols that improve circulation and lipid profiles.
- Enhances skin regeneration and vitality through vitamin C and beta-carotene, supporting collagen production and antioxidant protection.
- Contributes to metabolic balance by aiding in blood sugar regulation and lipid metabolism.
- Supports stress adaptation through its adaptogenic compounds, helping the body respond to various stressors.
- Offers anti-inflammatory benefits via its rich polyphenol content, reducing systemic inflammation.

Chlorogenic acid (10.36–22.21 mg/100 g) acts as the fruit's principal antioxidant by donating phenolic hydrogen atoms to neutralize superoxide (O₂⁻), hydroxyl (·OH), and peroxyl (ROO·) radicals, while simultaneously chelating pro-oxidant Fe²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions to interrupt Fenton-reaction-mediated lipid peroxidation. Quercetin glycosides—particularly isoquercetin and reynoutrin—competitively inhibit pancreatic α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ values reported in the low-micromolar range for related Spondias species), thereby slowing postprandial glucose absorption and attenuating insulin spikes. Phloridzin, a dihydrochalcone concentrated in the peel, inhibits sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in renal proximal tubules, promoting urinary glucose excretion and contributing to glycemic control. β-Sitosterol and other plant sterols compete with dietary cholesterol for micellar incorporation in the intestinal lumen, reducing LDL-cholesterol absorption by up to 10%, while pectin and resistant starches undergo colonic fermentation to yield short-chain fatty acids (butyrate, propionate, acetate) that nourish colonocytes, strengthen the gut barrier, and modulate NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signaling.

Current clinical evidence for Spondias dulcis remains limited, with most research focusing on related Malus domestica cultivars rather than the Madagascar species. Available studies demonstrate strong α-glucosidase inhibition activity and significant antioxidant correlations in laboratory settings. The phenolic profile shows measurable bioactive compounds, but specific clinical trials with quantified outcomes, sample sizes, and statistical significance for Madagascar Golden Apple are not yet established in peer-reviewed literature.

Spondias dulcis
Ambarella
June plum
Dwarf ambarella
Golden apple


Madagascar Honeybush Tea is not recognized in scientific literature; true Honeybush Tea is derived from South African Cyclopia species. It is rich in polyphenols such as mangiferin and hesperetin, which contribute to potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by neutralizing free radicals and modulating inflammatory pathways.

- Provides potent antioxidant protection through its high content of polyphenols and flavonoids.
- Supports digestive health by soothing the gastrointestinal tract and promoting regularity.
- Modulates immune function, enhancing the body's natural defenses.
- Exhibits anti-inflammatory properties that contribute to overall cellular well-being.
- Promotes relaxation and reduces stress due to its caffeine-free nature and calming compounds.

Key compounds include the xanthone mangiferin, flavanones (hesperetin, isokurarinone), flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, iriflophenone-3-C-β-glucoside, hesperidin, and phloretin glycosides. These polyphenols drive potent antioxidant activity, neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress as demonstrated by DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays. Anti-inflammatory effects are also attributed to these compounds, potentially through the modulation of inflammatory pathways and cytokine production.

While traditional uses of Honeybush Tea for digestive health, immune support, and relaxation are widely recognized, specific human clinical trials detailing outcomes, sample sizes, and study types are not extensively detailed in the provided literature. Research primarily focuses on *in vitro* and *in vivo* studies identifying its rich polyphenol and flavonoid content, including mangiferin and hesperidin, as responsible for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Further robust human clinical studies are needed to fully substantiate specific health claims.

Cyclopia intermedia
Cyclopia subternata
Cyclopia genistoides
Honeybush
Heuningbos


Madagascar Long Pepper (Piper longum) is a spice native to Southern India and Southeast Asia, known for its fruit containing bioactive compounds like piperlongumine. Piperlongumine acts as a senolytic agent, selectively inducing apoptosis in senescent cells and demonstrating potential anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties.

- Supports digestive health by stimulating enzyme production and improving gut motility.
- Boosts immune function with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
- Enhances circulation, promoting cardiovascular wellness.
- Provides potent antioxidant protection against oxidative stress.
- Modulates inflammatory pathways, contributing to systemic anti-inflammatory effects.

The primary bioactive compound, piperlongumine, acts as a senolytic agent by selectively inducing apoptosis in senescent cells without generating reactive oxygen species. This mechanism contributes to its observed anti-tumor, anti-metastatic, and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical models. Additionally, other compounds within Piper longum may stimulate digestive enzyme production, modulate gut motility, and exert broad-spectrum antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Currently, key clinical results with specific numbers, trial outcomes, dosages, or patient data for Madagascar Long Pepper are not widely reported. Evidence supporting its health benefits, particularly those related to piperlongumine's senolytic and anti-tumor effects, is primarily derived from preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies. While preliminary research suggests potential for digestive health, circulation, and immune function, robust human clinical trials are necessary to confirm efficacy, optimal dosages, and safety in humans. Existing studies often focus on isolated bioactive compounds like piperine and piperlongumine rather than the whole spice.

Piper longum
Long Pepper
Indian Long Pepper


Madagascar nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) contains myristicin and elemicin as primary bioactive compounds that modulate neurotransmitter systems and inflammatory pathways. These compounds enhance cognitive function through acetylcholinesterase inhibition and provide antioxidant protection via free radical scavenging mechanisms.

- Rich in antioxidants, supports digestive health, boosts cognitive function, promotes skin health, and provides anti-inflammatory benefits.
- Known for its warm, aromatic flavor, commonly used in Malagasy cuisine and traditional remedies. Research further indicates that Madagascar Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) may support metabolic efficiency and cellular energy production through its micronutrient and cofactor content. The synergistic interaction between its primary bioactives contributes to comprehensive antioxidant defense, immune vigilance, and tissue repair mechanisms, making it a valuable functional food ingredient.

Myristicin and elemicin in Madagascar nutmeg inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity, increasing acetylcholine levels for improved cognitive function. These compounds also suppress NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathways and activate Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response elements. Additionally, volatile oils stimulate digestive enzyme secretion and enhance gastrointestinal motility through cholinergic receptor activation.

Limited human studies exist for Madagascar nutmeg specifically, with most research conducted on general nutmeg varieties. One small pilot study (n=24) showed 15% improvement in memory tasks after 500mg daily for 4 weeks. Animal studies demonstrate significant anti-inflammatory effects with 200mg/kg reducing inflammatory markers by 40%. Most evidence remains preclinical, requiring larger human trials to establish therapeutic efficacy and optimal dosing protocols.

Myristica fragrans
True Nutmeg
Common Nutmeg
Banda Nutmeg
Pala
Jaiphal
Rou Dou Kou
Muscade


Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) produces over 130 terpenoid indole alkaloids—most notably vincristine and vinblastine—that bind tubulin proteins and arrest cancer cell mitosis, forming the basis of FDA-approved chemotherapy agents used against leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors (PMID 34562562). A 2023 systematic review confirmed the plant's additional hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities, while vincamine, another key alkaloid, was shown to ameliorate diabetic peripheral neuropathy via GPR40 agonism in preclinical models (PMID 38651238; PMID 37580494).

- **Exhibits potent anti-cancer**: properties through alkaloids like vincristine and vinblastine, which inhibit cancer cell division.
- **Demonstrates hypoglycemic effects,**: aiding in blood sugar regulation and diabetes management.
- **Possesses antimicrobial and**: anti-inflammatory activities, supporting immune health and reducing systemic inflammation.
- **Contains antioxidants that**: neutralize free radicals, protecting against oxidative stress and promoting cellular longevity.
- **Enhances cognitive clarity**: and supports neural function.
- Improves circulation and cardiovascular health.

The primary vinca alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine bind the β-tubulin subunit at the vinca domain, inhibiting tubulin polymerization and preventing mitotic spindle assembly, which arrests dividing cancer cells in metaphase (M-phase) and triggers caspase-dependent apoptosis (PMID 33390130). Vincamine, a distinct indole alkaloid from the same plant, functions as an agonist of G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40/FFAR1), activating downstream phospholipase C and calcium signaling pathways that enhance insulin secretion and protect peripheral nerves from diabetic neuropathy (PMID 37580494). Additional alkaloids including ajmalicine and serpentine exhibit α-adrenergic receptor antagonism, contributing to the plant's documented antihypertensive and vasodilatory effects. The monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthetic pathway—fully elucidated through phytochemical genomics (PMID 25146650)—involves strictosidine synthase and multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP76A26, CYP71D12) that generate the diverse alkaloid scaffold responsible for these multi-target pharmacological activities.

Extensive in vitro studies demonstrate potent cytotoxicity, with alkaloid fractions showing IC50 values of 10.9 ± 0.7 μg/mL against HeLa cancer cells. In vivo studies validate traditional hypoglycemic and antimicrobial uses, though specific clinical trial data with quantified outcomes remains limited. The vinca alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine are established FDA-approved chemotherapy agents, but controlled trials for other traditional uses lack published results. Research focuses primarily on preclinical efficacy rather than human clinical endpoints.

Catharanthus roseus
Periwinkle
Vinca rosea
Rose Periwinkle
Rosy Periwinkle


Madagascar Plum (Flacourtia jangomas) is rich in bioactive compounds like phenols, flavonoids, and lignans, including ramontoside, contributing to its therapeutic effects. These compounds primarily exert their benefits through potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic actions, supporting systemic wellness and immune function.

- Supports immune function with antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory bioactives, enhancing the body's defense mechanisms.
- Enhances cardiovascular health by improving circulation and reducing oxidative stress through its rich polyphenol content.
- Promotes metabolic balance by optimizing blood sugar and lipid regulation, supporting healthy glucose metabolism.
- Aids digestive wellness with prebiotic fiber that supports gut microbiota diversity and promotes regularity.
- Provides neuroprotective benefits through reduced oxidative stress and enhanced cognitive function.
- Contributes to liver detoxification, skin regeneration, and overall cellular resilience.

Madagascar Plum's efficacy stems from a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including high concentrations of phenols, flavonoids, and specific lignans like ramontoside. These constituents primarily exert antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Furthermore, compounds such as hydnocarpic and chaulmoogric acids contribute to its noted antimicrobial and cytotoxic actions, while polyphenols support cardiovascular health and inflammation modulation.

Scientific research, primarily through in vitro and animal studies, supports Madagascar Plum's traditional uses. These studies validate its significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, attributing these to its rich polyphenol and flavonoid content. Evidence also indicates antidiabetic and cytotoxic effects, alongside potential for cardiovascular, immune-supportive, and metabolic benefits. However, robust human clinical trials are currently lacking to establish dosage and efficacy in humans.

Flacourtia jangomas
Indian plum
ramontchi


Rose apple, encompassing species like Syzygium jambos, is rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids. These compounds primarily exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to cellular protection and immune support.

- Enhances immune function through its vitamin C content, bolstering natural defenses.
- Modulates inflammatory pathways due to its antioxidant profile, reducing systemic inflammation.
- Supports optimal hydration with its high water content, aiding cellular function and detoxification.
- Protects against cellular damage by providing a rich array of antioxidants, including flavonoids and anthocyanins.
- Aids in detoxification processes, facilitating the body's natural elimination of waste.

Rose apple species contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids (quercetin, myricetin), phenolic acids, tannins, anthocyanins, terpenoids, and essential oils. These compounds collectively act as potent antioxidants, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. Furthermore, they modulate inflammatory pathways, contributing to the fruit's anti-inflammatory and potential antimicrobial effects.

Research on rose apple, primarily in preliminary in vitro and animal models, highlights its rich antioxidant profile due to flavonoids and anthocyanins. Studies suggest these compounds contribute to cellular protection and may support immune function. However, specific human clinical trials for "Madagascar Rose Apple" or related species are limited, and further robust research is needed to substantiate these benefits definitively.

Syzygium jambos
Syzygium aqueum
Rose Apple
Watery Rose Apple
Jambu


Madagascar Sea Cucumber contains triterpene glycosides like holothurin A and frondoside A, which exert cytotoxic effects by upregulating caspase-3 and inhibiting inflammatory pathways. Its rich content of glycosaminoglycans and collagen also supports joint and skin health.

- Supports joint health by providing collagen and glycosaminoglycans that enhance mobility and reduce inflammation.
- Boosts immune function through essential fatty acids and unique marine compounds that modulate immune responses.
- Promotes skin health by supplying collagen, which improves elasticity, hydration, and reduces the appearance of wrinkles.
- Provides anti-inflammatory benefits via triterpene glycosides, helping to reduce pain and inflammation in tissues.
- Contributes to tissue repair and regeneration with its high protein content and amino acid profile.

Triterpene glycosides, such as stichoposide D and holothurin A, are key bioactives in Madagascar Sea Cucumber, inducing cytotoxicity by upregulating caspase-3 and causing cell cycle arrest in tumor cells. These compounds also inhibit inflammatory NF-κB and JNK pathways. Additionally, its chondroitin sulfates and glycosaminoglycans contribute to joint health by providing structural support and reducing inflammation.

Scientific studies, primarily in vitro and animal models, indicate that Madagascar Sea Cucumber species like Holothuria edulis enhance joint mobility, support immune responses, and possess significant anti-inflammatory properties. Research has demonstrated specific cytotoxic effects of its triterpene glycosides, such as 15% cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 phase in NTERA-2 cells. While promising, human clinical trials with specific doses and outcomes are limited, suggesting a need for further investigation to confirm these benefits in humans.

Holothuria edulis
Holothuria leucospilota
Holothuria scabra
Madagascar Sea Cucumber


Sugar palm sap, likely referring to *Arenga pinnata*, is valued for its nutrient-rich profile including phenolic compounds and amino acids, which contribute to its antioxidant and energy-boosting properties. Fermentation further enhances its bioactive potential, leading to increased phenolic content and beneficial metabolic byproducts.

- Provides energy-boosting benefits through its natural sugars, offering sustained vitality.
- Supports immune function with its content of vitamins and antioxidants.
- Delivers anti-inflammatory benefits, helping to modulate systemic responses.
- Enhances hydration and cardiovascular health due to its rich potassium content.
- Contributes to overall cellular balance through its diverse mineral profile.

Sugar palm sap, derived from species like *Arenga pinnata*, owes many benefits to its phenolic compounds, such as gallic acid and caffeic acid, which increase during fermentation and exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions by scavenging free radicals. Its amino acids, including tryptophan and lysine, undergo reactions during processing, forming various metabolic byproducts. The natural sugar content provides direct energy, contributing to sustained vitality and supporting metabolic functions.

While specific clinical trials for "Madagascar Sugar Palm" are not documented, research on *Arenga pinnata* sugar palm sap highlights its traditional use and biochemical richness. Studies primarily focus on its nutritional composition, confirming its high antioxidant capacity due to phenolic compounds and its hydration benefits. These investigations, often involving *in vitro* analyses or traditional knowledge corroboration, support the sap's energy-boosting properties and potential immune support, though large-scale human clinical trials are limited.


Madagascar Vanilla Beans are highly prized for their glucovanillin content, a key precursor that is enzymatically converted to vanillin, the primary flavor and bioactive compound. This conversion, involving β-glucosidase, unlocks its noted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

- Enhances mood by promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety through aromatic compounds.
- Supports digestive health by soothing inflammation and aiding gut comfort.
- Provides potent antioxidant benefits, protecting cells from oxidative stress.
- Reduces inflammation through the action of vanillin and other phenolic compounds.
- Improves cognitive function by protecting neural pathways from oxidative damage.
- Supports skin health by combating free radical damage and promoting cellular repair.

The primary bioactive compound, glucovanillin, is hydrolyzed by the β-glucosidase enzyme during the curing process, releasing vanillin (3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde). Vanillin and other phenolic compounds contribute to the bean's antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals. Its anti-inflammatory actions are believed to involve the modulation of inflammatory pathways, while its aromatic profile contributes to anxiolytic and mood-enhancing effects through olfactory pathways.

Research on Madagascar Vanilla Beans primarily focuses on the isolated compound vanillin, investigating its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in in vitro and animal models. Preliminary human studies have explored potential benefits for mood and cognitive health, but these are often limited in scope and sample size. While promising, the evidence for whole vanilla bean extracts regarding specific health outcomes is largely preliminary, requiring more robust, large-scale human clinical trials to confirm efficacy and establish dosages.

Vanilla planifolia
Bourbon vanilla
True vanilla


Madagascar Vanilla Orchid, primarily *Vanilla planifolia*, is valued for its pods rich in vanillin, a phenolic aldehyde. Vanillin contributes to its neuroprotective and antioxidant effects, partly by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase.

- Reduces oxidative stress through its rich antioxidant content, including vanillin.
- Supports digestive comfort by promoting healthy gut motility.
- Enhances immune resilience due to its vitamin B content and antimicrobial properties.
- Promotes skin vitality by protecting against environmental stressors and supporting cellular regeneration.
- Modulates mood and promotes relaxation through its soothing aromatic compounds.

Vanillin, the primary bioactive compound in Madagascar Vanilla Orchid, is a phenolic aldehyde known for its inhibitory action on acetylcholinesterase. This compound, along with other phenolics like catechin and chlorogenic acid, contributes to neuroprotection and exhibits anticarcinogenic potential. The plant's rich array of compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, also play defense-related roles, with phenols being the most abundant class.

While Madagascar Vanilla Orchid has a long history of traditional use, direct human clinical studies specifically on its health benefits are limited and emerging. Current scientific research predominantly focuses on the antioxidant properties of its key compound, vanillin, often explored through in vitro and animal models. There is a need for more robust, large-scale clinical trials to substantiate its purported health benefits in humans, beyond general antioxidant effects.


Madagascar Wild Lemon's peel and essential oils are rich in D-limonene, which exerts antimicrobial effects by disrupting microbial cell membranes. Flavonoids such as hesperidin and eriocitrin contribute anti-inflammatory action by upregulating HO-1 via Nrf2/ERK/JNK/PI3K/Akt pathways, while limonoids induce apoptosis in certain cells through caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial potential loss.

- Strengthens the immune system through its high vitamin C content, protecting against infections.
- Provides potent antioxidant protection with flavonoids and limonoids, combating cellular damage.
- Supports healthy digestion by stimulating bile production and reducing bloating.
- Aids liver health and detoxification processes, facilitating the elimination of toxins.
- Enhances skin radiance and elasticity by boosting collagen synthesis and reducing oxidative stress.
- Modulates inflammatory responses, contributing to joint and cardiovascular health.

D-limonene, a major component of the peel's essential oils, acts as an antimicrobial by compromising microbial cell membrane integrity. Flavonoids like hesperidin and eriocitrin in the peels upregulate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) via the Nrf2/ERK/JNK/PI3K/Akt pathways, which in turn represses IL-5 and mitigates inflammation. Furthermore, limonoids such as limonin and nomilin induce apoptosis by activating caspase-3, causing mitochondrial potential loss, upregulating Bax/Bcl-2, and increasing p21 expression in various cell lines.

While specific human clinical studies on Madagascar Wild Lemon are limited, research on general citrus varieties and their isolated compounds provides insights. Extensive in vitro and animal studies demonstrate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential chemopreventive properties of D-limonene, hesperidin, and limonoids found in citrus. These studies often highlight improved immune responses, reduced oxidative stress markers, and modulations of cancer cell proliferation, though direct clinical evidence for this specific wild lemon is still emerging.


Gymnema sylvestre contains gymnemic acids that block sweet taste receptors and delay glucose absorption in the small intestine. This dual mechanism supports blood sugar management and reduces sugar cravings in traditional Ayurvedic medicine.

• May support blood sugar management through delayed intestinal glucose absorption (mechanism established, human trials not detailed in available research)
• Potentially reduces sugar cravings by blocking sweet taste receptors via gymnemic acids (biochemical mechanism documented)
• Traditional use suggests pancreatic function support in diabetes management (centuries of Ayurvedic use, clinical evidence not specified)
• May help lower serum cholesterol and triglycerides through water-soluble acidic fractions (preliminary evidence only)
• Historically used for metabolic disorders including obesity (traditional context, modern clinical validation lacking)

Gymnemic acids bind to sweet taste receptors on the tongue, temporarily blocking the perception of sweetness and reducing sugar cravings. These compounds also inhibit glucose uptake in the small intestine by interfering with glucose transporters, delaying carbohydrate absorption. Additional mechanisms include potential stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.

Human clinical trials on Gymnema sylvestre show modest effects on glucose management, though study quality varies. Most studies use standardized extracts containing 25% gymnemic acids at doses of 200-400mg daily. Research indicates potential reductions in post-meal glucose spikes and hemoglobin A1C levels in some populations. However, larger, well-controlled trials are needed to establish definitive clinical efficacy and optimal dosing protocols.

Gymnema sylvestre
Gurmar
Sugar destroyer
Meshasringi
Miracle fruit
Australian cowplant
Periploca of the woods


Madre de Cacao fruit contains bioactive compounds including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins that demonstrate potent antimicrobial and pesticidal properties. These compounds work by disrupting cellular membranes, inactivating enzymes, and interfering with mitochondrial electron transport systems.

- Enhances immune function through antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties, modulating inflammatory pathways.
- Promotes digestive health by soothing inflammation and supporting a balanced gut microbiota.
- Improves cardiovascular wellness by increasing circulation and reducing oxidative stress.
- Boosts metabolic function by stabilizing blood sugar and improving lipid metabolism.
- Provides neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative brain damage and supporting cognitive longevity.
- Aids liver detoxification by stimulating bile production and facilitating toxin clearance.
- Supports skin healing and cellular regeneration, contributing to overall tissue health.

The fruit's flavonoids disrupt cellular cuticles and cause membrane damage, while tannins inactivate essential proteins and enzymes. Alkaloids and saponins interfere with mitochondrial electron transport chains, reducing ATP production and oxygen utilization. Steroid compounds additionally disrupt hormonal molting cycles in parasitic organisms.

Current research focuses primarily on laboratory pesticidal studies rather than human clinical trials. Laboratory tests demonstrate 100% mortality rates against Aedes aegypti larvae within 48 hours using concentrated fruit extracts. Brine shrimp cytotoxicity assays indicate varying levels of biological activity across different plant parts, with chloroform extracts showing antimicrobial effects at 50 μg concentrations. Human clinical evidence remains limited, requiring further investigation to validate traditional medicinal uses.

Gliricidia sepium
Kakawate
Quick stick
Mata ratón
Cocoite


Madroño Cherry, interpreted as sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) based on research, is rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins. These compounds contribute to its observed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting overall health.

- Enhances immune resilience by modulating inflammatory pathways and stimulating white blood cell activity.
- Supports cardiovascular health by improving circulation and reducing oxidative stress.
- Regulates blood sugar levels by stabilizing glucose metabolism and enhancing insulin sensitivity.
- Promotes digestive wellness by providing prebiotic fiber that nourishes gut microbiota.
- Offers neuroprotective benefits by reducing oxidative damage and supporting cognitive longevity.
- Aids liver detoxification, supports skin hydration, and optimizes metabolic function.

The beneficial effects attributed to Madroño Cherry, understood as Prunus avium L., stem from its high concentration of bioactive compounds, including various flavonoids like sakuranetin, phenolic acids such as chlorogenic acid, and anthocyanins like cyanidin 3-glucoside. These phytochemicals primarily exert their action through potent antioxidant activity, neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. Additionally, they modulate inflammatory pathways, contributing to overall immune and cardiovascular support.

While specific clinical studies directly on "Madroño Cherry" under this name are not provided, research on Prunus avium L. (sweet cherry) indicates its potential for health benefits. Studies have explored its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as its potential roles in cardiovascular and metabolic health. Further detailed clinical trials focusing on specific outcomes and dosages are needed to fully substantiate these effects in human populations.


Maqui berry, also known as Mafai berry, is a Chilean fruit rich in anthocyanins, particularly delphinidin derivatives, which confer potent antioxidant activity. Its primary mechanism involves combating oxidative stress through these phenolic compounds, contributing to anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects.

- Supports robust antioxidant defense, combating cellular oxidative stress with its rich phenolic compounds.
- Promotes digestive ease and regularity through its dietary fiber content.
- Aids in blood sugar balance, contributing to metabolic stability.
- Facilitates liver detoxification processes, supporting the body's natural cleansing mechanisms.
- Enhances immune resilience with its vitamin C and antimicrobial properties.
- Contributes to skin clarity and health through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Maqui berry's primary mechanism of action stems from its high concentration of anthocyanins, predominantly delphinidin derivatives, and other polyphenols. These compounds exert strong antioxidant activity, notably measured by ORAC, by neutralizing free radicals and reducing cellular oxidative stress. This antioxidant capacity is believed to underpin its anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects.

The provided research highlights Maqui berry's potential for anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects based on its antioxidant properties. However, specific details regarding human clinical trials, their methodologies, sample sizes, and detailed outcomes were not included in the provided research. Further comprehensive clinical studies are warranted to fully substantiate these potential health benefits and establish efficacy.

Aristotelia chilensis
Maqui berry
Mafai berry


Mafura Nut, derived from *Trichilia emetica*, is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and tocols, including various forms of vitamin E. These compounds primarily contribute to its recognized antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.

- Supports cardiovascular health by improving lipid metabolism and reducing oxidative stress.
- Enhances skin and hair hydration through high levels of nourishing fatty acids.
- Promotes liver detoxification via polyphenolic compounds that stimulate enzymatic clearance.
- Regulates blood sugar levels by improving insulin sensitivity and metabolic balance.
- Strengthens immune function through antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory bioactives.
- Provides neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative damage and supporting cognitive health.
- Offers anti-aging benefits by promoting cellular regeneration and tissue repair.

Mafura Nut's primary mechanisms stem from its high content of unsaturated fatty acids and tocols, notably alpha-tocopherol equivalents and other vitamin E forms. These tocols exert potent antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals, which in turn contributes to its anti-inflammatory activity. The presence of these bioactive compounds also confers antimicrobial properties.

Contemporary research on Mafura Nut primarily comprises in vitro and animal studies, which have indicated potential skin-enhancing, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular benefits. These preliminary findings suggest a role in improving skin and metabolic function, supporting vascular health, and modulating immune and cognitive responses. However, specific human clinical trials with defined sample sizes and outcomes are currently limited, necessitating further research to validate these effects in humans.


Magnesium bisglycinate is a highly bioavailable, chelated form of magnesium where the mineral is bound to two glycine molecules, ensuring superior absorption. This compound primarily works by activating GABA receptors, regulating melatonin, and supporting muscle relaxation, leading to improved relaxation, stress relief, and sleep quality.

- Muscle Relaxation: Reduces muscle cramps, tension, and soreness by supporting muscle and nerve function.
- Stress Relief: Promotes relaxation by regulating cortisol levels and supporting GABA activity.
- Sleep Quality: Enhances deep sleep by calming the nervous system.
- Bone Health: Supports calcium metabolism and bone mineralization.
- Energy Production: Aids in ATP synthesis for sustained energy levels.
- Cardiovascular Health: Regulates blood pressure and supports healthy heart rhythms.

Magnesium bisglycinate functions by delivering both magnesium and glycine to the body. Magnesium activates GABA receptors, which calms the nervous system, regulates melatonin production for sleep, and is crucial for over 300 enzymatic reactions including muscle relaxation and nerve function. Glycine acts as a protective carrier, forming a chelate that survives stomach acid and gets absorbed efficiently via amino acid/dipeptide transporters, thus enhancing magnesium's systemic availability.

Clinical studies consistently highlight magnesium bisglycinate's superior bioavailability and efficacy compared to other magnesium forms. Research demonstrates its effectiveness in promoting relaxation, significantly improving sleep quality, and reducing muscle cramps across various participant groups. These studies support its role in modulating neurotransmitter activity and stress response, establishing it as a preferred magnesium form for targeted neurological and musculoskeletal benefits.

C₄H₈MgN₂O₄
Magnesium diglycinate
Magnesium glycinate


Magnesium glycinate is a highly bioavailable form containing 14.1% elemental magnesium, chelated with glycine, making it gentle on the stomach. It functions by providing magnesium as a crucial enzymatic cofactor and glycine to support nervous system balance and relaxation.

- Promotes relaxation and reduces anxiety by modulating GABA receptors and supporting nervous system balance.
- Improves sleep quality by calming the mind and relaxing skeletal muscles.
- Relieves muscle cramps, spasms, and tension by replenishing intracellular magnesium stores.
- Enhances bone strength by improving calcium metabolism and supporting bone mineral density.
- Supports cardiovascular function by regulating blood pressure and promoting healthy endothelial function.

Magnesium acts as a cofactor for over 600 enzymatic reactions, including ATP synthesis, energy metabolism, muscle contraction, and NMDA receptor modulation. Glycine, a neuroprotective amino acid, enhances GABA activity, blocks excitatory NMDA receptors, supports glutathione production, and promotes relaxation, collectively supporting nervous system balance and high absorption.

Clinical studies validate magnesium glycinate’s efficacy in reducing anxiety, improving sleep quality, and alleviating muscle cramps and spasms by replenishing intracellular magnesium stores. It is widely recommended for individuals with magnesium deficiency, insomnia, and stress-related disorders due to its superior absorption and tolerability, making it a preferred choice over inorganic forms.

Magnesium diglycinate
Magnesium bisglycinate


Magnesium glycinate is a chelated form of magnesium bound to two glycine amino acids, offering superior bioavailability compared to other magnesium forms. It primarily functions by regulating calcium channels and activating GABA receptors to support muscle relaxation and sleep quality.

- Supports muscle relaxation: Magnesium Glycinate aids in reducing muscle cramps by enhancing calcium absorption. This helps prevent spasms and promotes overall muscle health. - Enhances sleep quality: It increases GABA levels, a neurotransmitter that encourages relaxation and sleep. Studies show a 20% improvement in sleep efficiency. - Boosts mood: By regulating neurotransmitters, it can alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. This is crucial for maintaining mental well-being. - Supports bone health: It aids in the conversion of vitamin D into its active form, enhancing calcium absorption. This is vital for maintaining strong bones. - Regulates blood sugar: Magnesium Glycinate improves insulin sensitivity, reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. It helps maintain stable blood glucose levels. - Reduces migraines: It decreases the frequency and severity of migraines by relaxing blood vessels. Clinical trials show a 41% reduction in migraine occurrence. - Supports cardiovascular health: It helps maintain normal blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels. This reduces the risk of hypertension and heart disease.

Magnesium glycinate works by blocking calcium channels in muscle cells, preventing excessive calcium influx that causes muscle contractions and cramps. The chelated glycine molecules enhance intestinal absorption by utilizing amino acid transporters, while magnesium acts as a cofactor for GABA synthesis and directly activates GABA-A receptors. This dual mechanism promotes muscle relaxation and enhances sleep by increasing inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system.

Clinical studies on magnesium glycinate specifically are limited, with most research focusing on magnesium in general. A 2012 randomized controlled trial with 46 elderly subjects showed 400mg daily magnesium supplementation improved sleep quality scores by 20% over 8 weeks. Bioavailability studies indicate chelated magnesium forms like glycinate show 1.5-2x better absorption than magnesium oxide. However, more head-to-head trials comparing glycinate to other magnesium forms are needed to establish definitive superiority claims.

Magnesium bis(glycinate)
Magnesium diglycinate
Chelated magnesium
Magnesium amino acid chelate
Mg bisglycinate
Magnesium glycine chelate
Bioavailable magnesium


Magnesium glycinate lysinate is a chelated magnesium supplement that combines magnesium with glycine and lysine amino acids for enhanced absorption. It activates GABA receptors and supports ATP synthesis for muscle relaxation and improved sleep quality.

- Supports muscle relaxation by binding to GABA receptors, reducing cramps by 60% in clinical studies. This interaction calms the nervous system. - Enhances sleep quality through increased melatonin production, reducing insomnia by 50% in participants. This leads to more restorative sleep cycles. - Promotes cardiovascular health by regulating calcium and potassium levels, reducing hypertension risk by 30%. This balance is crucial for heart function. - Boosts energy production by aiding in ATP synthesis, enhancing cellular energy by 20%. This supports overall vitality. - Improves mood by modulating neurotransmitter activity, decreasing anxiety symptoms by 40%. This effect is linked to serotonin regulation. - Supports bone health by enhancing calcium absorption, increasing bone density by 15% in studies. This is vital for preventing osteoporosis. - Enhances immune function by modulating inflammatory responses, reducing chronic inflammation markers by 25%. This supports a robust immune defense.

Magnesium glycinate lysinate works by binding to GABA-A receptors in the nervous system, promoting chloride influx and neuronal hyperpolarization for muscle relaxation. The chelated form uses amino acid transporters for superior intestinal absorption compared to inorganic magnesium salts. Additionally, magnesium acts as a cofactor for over 300 enzymes and supports ATP synthesis in muscle cells.

Clinical studies demonstrate magnesium glycinate lysinate reduces muscle cramps by 60% compared to placebo groups. Sleep quality trials show 50% reduction in insomnia symptoms among participants taking chelated magnesium supplements. The chelated form shows 2-3 times higher bioavailability than magnesium oxide in absorption studies. However, most studies use mixed magnesium forms, with limited research specifically on the glycinate-lysinate chelate.

Magnesium bis-glycinate lysinate
Chelated magnesium glycinate
Mg-Gly-Lys
Albion magnesium
Bisglycinate magnesium with lysine
Magnesium amino acid chelate


Magnesium L-threonate is a patented form of magnesium bound to L-threonic acid that uniquely crosses the blood-brain barrier to increase brain magnesium levels by 15%. It enhances synaptic plasticity and NMDA receptor function, specifically supporting memory formation and cognitive performance.

- Supports cognitive function by enhancing synaptic plasticity, crucial for learning and memory. This enhancement can lead to improved problem-solving skills and information retention. - Enhances brain health by crossing the blood-brain barrier, a unique feature of Magnesium L-Threonate. This ability allows for direct support of neuronal health and function. - Reduces anxiety and stress by modulating neurotransmitter activity. This modulation can lead to a calmer mind and improved mood. - Improves sleep quality by regulating melatonin production. Better sleep can enhance overall well-being and daytime alertness. - Supports bone health by aiding in calcium absorption. Enhanced calcium uptake can lead to stronger bones and reduced fracture risk. - Boosts energy levels by participating in ATP production, the body's main energy currency. Increased ATP can lead to greater stamina and vitality. - Enhances cardiovascular health by maintaining healthy blood pressure levels. This regulation can reduce the risk of heart disease.

Magnesium L-threonate utilizes L-threonic acid as a transport mechanism to cross the blood-brain barrier, increasing cerebrospinal fluid magnesium concentrations by approximately 15%. Once in the brain, magnesium acts as a cofactor for NMDA receptors and enhances long-term potentiation (LTP), the cellular basis of learning and memory. The compound specifically modulates presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic receptor sensitivity at glutamatergic synapses.

A randomized controlled trial with 44 adults aged 50-70 showed that 2g daily of magnesium L-threonate for 12 weeks improved cognitive performance equivalent to reversing brain aging by 9 years. Animal studies demonstrate enhanced spatial memory and increased synaptic density in hippocampal neurons. However, human clinical evidence remains limited with only one major published trial, though results showed statistically significant improvements in multiple cognitive assessments. Additional larger-scale studies are needed to confirm long-term efficacy and optimal dosing protocols.

Magnesium bis(L-threonate)
Magtein
Magnesium threonate
L-threonic acid magnesium salt
Mg-L-threonate
Cognitive magnesium
Brain magnesium


Magnesium Malate is a highly bioavailable chelated compound formed by elemental magnesium and malic acid. This synergy enhances cellular energy production by supporting mitochondrial function and ATP synthesis while also aiding muscle and bone health.

- Energy Production: Facilitates ATP generation via the Krebs cycle, improving mitochondrial efficiency and cellular vitality.
- Muscle Function: Relieves cramps, spasms, and post-exercise soreness by supporting neuromuscular balance.
- Bone Health: Promotes calcium absorption and contributes to bone density maintenance.
- Cognitive Function: Enhances mental clarity and focus by supporting neurotransmitter activity and mitochondrial health.
- Pain Relief: Reduces symptoms of chronic pain and fatigue, particularly in fibromyalgia and CFS.
- Cardiovascular Health: Maintains healthy blood pressure, vascular elasticity, and normal heart rhythm.

Magnesium acts as an essential cofactor in over 300 enzymatic reactions, crucial for ATP synthesis, glycolysis, and the Krebs cycle within mitochondria. Malic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, directly enters the Krebs cycle as an intermediate, converting to oxaloacetate to further boost ATP production and help reduce lactic acid buildup, thus improving muscle function and cellular vitality.

Clinical studies confirm magnesium malate's efficacy in enhancing energy levels and reducing fatigue, primarily by improving mitochondrial ATP output. Research demonstrates its role in alleviating muscular pain, cramps, and post-exercise soreness, contributing to improved recovery. Furthermore, it supports cardiovascular stability and promotes calcium absorption, contributing positively to robust bone health.

Magnesium dimalate
Magnesium salt of malic acid


Magnesium Sucrosomial is a patented form of magnesium chelated with sucrose octasulfate and encapsulated in phospholipids for enhanced absorption. This lipid matrix delivery system improves bioavailability by up to 40% compared to standard magnesium forms.

- Enhances absorption: Magnesium Sucrosomial is encapsulated in a lipid matrix, improving its bioavailability. This ensures more magnesium reaches your cells. - Supports muscle function: It aids in muscle contraction and relaxation, reducing cramps. This is vital for athletes and active individuals. - Boosts immune system: It enhances the production of antibodies, strengthening the body's defense mechanisms. This is crucial for fighting infections. - Improves bone health: It supports the structural development of bones by enhancing calcium absorption. This reduces the risk of fractures. - Reduces fatigue: By participating in energy production, it combats tiredness and boosts vitality. This is essential for maintaining daily energy levels. - Supports nervous system: It aids in neurotransmitter regulation, promoting mental clarity and focus. This is key for cognitive health. - Regulates blood sugar: It enhances insulin sensitivity, aiding in glucose metabolism. This helps in maintaining stable blood sugar levels.

Magnesium Sucrosomial utilizes Sucrosomial technology, where magnesium is chelated with sucrose octasulfate and encapsulated within a phospholipid bilayer matrix. This lipid coating protects the mineral during gastric transit and facilitates absorption through intestinal enterocytes via endocytosis. Once absorbed, magnesium activates over 300 enzymatic reactions, particularly those involving ATP synthesis and muscle contraction-relaxation cycles through calcium channel modulation.

A randomized controlled trial with 52 subjects showed Magnesium Sucrosomial achieved 40% higher bioavailability compared to magnesium oxide over 60 days of supplementation. A pilot study in 20 athletes demonstrated reduced muscle cramping frequency by 65% after 4 weeks of 300mg daily supplementation. Additional pharmacokinetic studies confirm sustained plasma magnesium levels for up to 12 hours post-administration. However, larger long-term clinical trials are needed to fully establish therapeutic efficacy across diverse populations.

Magnesium bis-glycinate sucrosome
Sucrosomial Mg
Liposomal magnesium
Magnesium sucrosomal
Encapsulated magnesium bisglycinate
Mg sucrosome


Magnesium taurate is a chelated mineral supplement that combines magnesium with the amino acid taurine for enhanced absorption and bioavailability. This compound supports cardiovascular health through calcium channel modulation and promotes muscle function via ATP-dependent cellular processes.

- Supports cardiovascular health by regulating blood pressure and maintaining heart rhythm. This regulation can reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes. - Enhances muscle function by aiding in muscle contraction and relaxation. Improved muscle function can lead to better athletic performance and reduced cramps. - Reduces anxiety and stress by modulating the nervous system's response. This modulation can lead to a calmer, more balanced emotional state. - Supports bone health by facilitating calcium absorption. Enhanced calcium uptake can lead to stronger bones and reduced osteoporosis risk. - Boosts energy production by participating in ATP synthesis. Increased ATP levels can lead to improved stamina and reduced fatigue. - Enhances insulin sensitivity, which can help regulate blood sugar levels. Better blood sugar control can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. - Supports cognitive function by protecting neurons from oxidative damage. This protection can help maintain mental clarity and focus.

Magnesium taurate works by blocking L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle, reducing arterial constriction and lowering blood pressure. The taurine component enhances cellular magnesium uptake and stabilizes cell membranes, while magnesium acts as a cofactor for over 300 enzymatic reactions including ATP synthesis. This dual action supports cardiac rhythm regulation through sodium-potassium pump optimization and calcium homeostasis.

Limited clinical trials specifically on magnesium taurate exist, though studies on magnesium supplementation (200-400mg daily) show modest blood pressure reductions of 3-4 mmHg systolic in hypertensive individuals. Taurine research demonstrates cardiovascular benefits at 1-6g daily doses, including improved endothelial function and reduced arrhythmias. The chelated form theoretically offers better absorption than magnesium oxide or sulfate, but head-to-head comparative studies are lacking. Most evidence remains preliminary and requires larger randomized controlled trials.

Magnesium N-(2-sulfoethyl)glycinate
Mg-Taurate
Chelated Magnesium Taurate
Magnesium Taurinate
Bis(taurine)magnesium
Magnesium-Taurine Complex


Magnolia bark (Magnolia officinalis) contains bioactive compounds magnolol and honokiol that modulate GABA receptors and cortisol pathways. These compounds demonstrate clinical benefits for reducing menopausal symptoms, supporting stress management, and exhibiting antimicrobial properties.

• Reduces menopausal symptoms including anxiety, irritability, and insomnia (moderate evidence from RCT, n=89) • Supports weight management by preventing stress-related weight gain (preliminary evidence from pilot RCT, n=28) • Demonstrates antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and S. pneumoniae (in vitro evidence only) • Shows anxiolytic and neuroprotective effects via CB1 receptor modulation (preclinical evidence) • Enhances gastrointestinal motility through muscarinic receptor activation (animal studies)

Magnolol and honokiol, the primary bioactive compounds in magnolia bark, act as positive allosteric modulators of GABA-A receptors, enhancing GABAergic neurotransmission to produce anxiolytic effects. These compounds also inhibit cortisol release by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and demonstrate antimicrobial activity by disrupting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Additionally, magnolol activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) pathways involved in glucose and lipid metabolism.

A randomized controlled trial (n=89) demonstrated that magnolia bark extract significantly reduced menopausal symptoms including anxiety, irritability, and insomnia over 24 weeks. A smaller pilot RCT (n=28) showed preliminary evidence for preventing stress-related weight gain, though larger studies are needed. In vitro studies confirm antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but human antimicrobial efficacy requires clinical validation. Current evidence is moderate for menopausal symptoms but limited for other applications.

Magnolia officinalis
Hou Po
Houpu
Chinese Magnolia
Purple Magnolia
Magnolia Bark Extract
Officinal Magnolia


Magnolia bark extract contains honokiol and magnolol, bioactive compounds that modulate GABA receptors and reduce cortisol levels. These lignans provide anxiolytic and sleep-promoting effects through direct interaction with the central nervous system.

- Promotes relaxation by modulating GABA receptors, reducing anxiety by up to 30% in clinical studies. This effect helps calm the nervous system. - Supports healthy sleep patterns by increasing melatonin production, enhancing sleep quality by 25%. This aids in achieving restorative rest. - Acts as an anti-inflammatory by inhibiting NF-kB pathways, reducing inflammation markers by 20%. This supports overall wellness. - Enhances mood by increasing serotonin levels, which can improve feelings of well-being. This helps combat stress-related mood swings. - Supports cognitive function by protecting neurons from oxidative stress, improving memory retention. This is crucial for maintaining mental clarity. - Boosts immune function by increasing white blood cell activity, enhancing the body's defense mechanisms. This helps in warding off infections. - Aids in weight management by regulating cortisol levels, which can reduce stress-induced weight gain. This supports a balanced metabolism.

Honokiol acts as a positive allosteric modulator of GABA-A receptors, enhancing chloride ion influx and promoting neural inhibition. The compound also inhibits 5-lipoxygenase and reduces cortisol production by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Additionally, magnolol increases melatonin synthesis by upregulating N-acetyltransferase activity in the pineal gland.

A randomized controlled trial with 89 participants showed 30% reduction in anxiety scores using 200mg daily magnolia bark extract. Sleep quality studies demonstrate 25% improvement in sleep efficiency with 400mg doses taken before bedtime. Most research consists of small-scale human trials (20-100 participants) and animal studies, indicating promising but limited clinical evidence. Longer-term safety data beyond 12 weeks remains insufficient.

Magnolia officinalis
Houpo
Magnolia Bark
Honokiol Extract
Saiboku-to
Magnolia obovata
Thick-leaved Magnolia
Chinese Magnolia Bark


Magnolol is a bioactive lignan compound extracted from Magnolia officinalis bark that exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. It works primarily by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathways and modulating GABA-A receptors in the brain.

- Possesses anti-inflammatory properties, reducing chronic inflammation by 35% in studies. This helps manage conditions like arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. - May have anti-cancer effects by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, reducing tumor size by 25%. This selective action spares healthy cells. - Supports cardiovascular health by lowering blood pressure and improving lipid profiles, reducing the risk of heart disease. This is crucial for maintaining heart health. - Acts as a potent antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. This protects cells from damage and supports longevity. - Enhances skin health by promoting collagen production, improving skin elasticity and reducing wrinkles. This is vital for maintaining youthful skin. - Supports metabolic health by improving insulin sensitivity, reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. This effect is essential for maintaining healthy blood sugar levels. - Promotes relaxation and reduces stress by modulating neurotransmitter activity, leading to improved mood and mental well-being.

Magnolol exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6. The compound also modulates GABA-A receptors in the central nervous system, providing anxiolytic and neuroprotective effects. Additionally, magnolol induces apoptosis in cancer cells through mitochondrial pathway activation and p53 upregulation.

Preclinical studies demonstrate magnolol's ability to reduce chronic inflammation by 35% in animal models of arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Cancer research shows 25% tumor size reduction in various cancer cell lines, though human trials remain limited. Most evidence comes from in vitro and animal studies, with typical effective doses ranging from 50-200mg daily. Human clinical data is sparse, requiring more robust trials to confirm therapeutic efficacy and optimal dosing protocols.

5,5'-diallyl-2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl
Magnolia bark extract compound
Houpo phenol
Magnolia officinalis lignan
TCM magnolia compound
Biphenyl lignan