Brazilian Jatobá Resin is rich in bioactive compounds like flavonoids, terpenes, and phenols, which contribute to its documented biological activities. Its primary mechanisms include potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, largely attributed to phenolic compounds and labdane diterpenes.

- Supports digestive health by improving gut motility and reducing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Boosts immune function through its rich content of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds.
- Promotes respiratory health by acting as an expectorant and reducing inflammation in the airways.
- Provides anti-inflammatory benefits, helping to alleviate systemic inflammation.
- Protects cells from oxidative stress due to its high concentration of antioxidants.

Brazilian Jatobá Resin exerts its therapeutic effects primarily through its rich composition of flavonoids, terpenes, phenols, and coumarins. Phenolic compounds and carotenoids are responsible for significant antioxidant activity, measured by radical-scavenging effects (e.g., 44.30% inhibition via DPPH method). Additionally, labdane diterpenes found in the resin are key contributors to its anti-inflammatory actions.

Preliminary research on Brazilian Jatobá Resin primarily involves in vitro and animal studies, indicating potential benefits for digestive, immune, and respiratory health. These studies suggest that its bioactive compounds may reduce inflammation and boost immune function. However, robust human clinical trials are currently lacking to establish efficacy, safety, and optimal dosages for specific health outcomes in humans.


Brazilian Jatoba bark, derived from Hymenaea courbaril, is rich in procyanidins and flavonoids. These compounds contribute to its antioxidant properties by scavenging free radicals and chelating metals, supporting overall cellular health.

- Reduces oxidative stress and supports immune function through its rich content of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins.
- Enhances digestive health by promoting balanced gut flora and aiding enzymatic digestion.
- Supports joint health by reducing inflammation and alleviating discomfort associated with conditions like arthritis.
- Provides systemic anti-inflammatory benefits, contributing to the management of chronic inflammatory conditions.
- Modulates immune responses, strengthening the body's natural defenses against pathogens.

The primary mechanism involves the potent antioxidant activity of procyanidins and other phenolic compounds, which scavenge free radicals via catechol units on their B-rings and chelate pro-oxidant metals. This action reduces oxidative stress, a key factor in inflammation and cellular damage, thereby contributing to its anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating, and hepatoprotective effects. Flavonoids like astilbin further support these effects, complementing the comprehensive action of the bark's diverse phytochemical profile.

Preliminary studies and traditional use suggest Brazilian Jatoba bark's effectiveness in supporting digestive health, boosting immune function, and providing anti-inflammatory benefits. Research indicates its potential in reducing inflammation and supporting joint function, though the specific study types (in vitro, animal, human) and sample sizes are not detailed in the provided text. While promising, the current body of evidence warrants further robust clinical investigations to establish definitive efficacy and optimal dosages in human populations.

Hymenaea courbaril L.
Courbaril
South American Locust

Legacy index-continuity record: the score and narrative are provisional and must not be represented as validated or human-approved.


Brazilian Mint Tea, derived from *Mentha arvensis*, yields essential oils rich in menthol, which primarily acts through TRPM8 receptors to provide cooling and analgesic effects. Its phenolic compounds also offer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, supporting traditional uses for digestive comfort and pain relief.

- Supports digestive health by alleviating stomach discomfort, bloating, and indigestion through its carminative properties.
- Reduces nausea and vomiting, providing relief from gastrointestinal upset.
- Offers mild anti-inflammatory effects, which may help alleviate headaches and muscle pain.
- Promotes relaxation and mental calm, contributing to a sense of well-being and stress reduction.
- Provides antioxidant protection from vitamins and essential oils, combating oxidative stress.

Menthol, a primary terpene in *Mentha arvensis* essential oil, is a potent agonist of the transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel, responsible for its characteristic cooling sensation and analgesic effects by modulating pain perception. This activation can also contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, phenolic compounds and flavonoids present in the tea contribute to its antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals and modulating inflammatory pathways.

Clinical studies specifically on "Brazilian Mint Tea" from *Mentha arvensis* are limited, with much research focusing on its isolated essential oil or menthol. Randomized controlled trials involving hundreds of participants have demonstrated the efficacy of menthol-rich preparations in alleviating symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), such as abdominal pain and bloating. In vitro and animal studies consistently support its anti-inflammatory, carminative, and analgesic properties, corroborating its traditional use for gastrointestinal discomfort and pain, although direct clinical trials on the tea for headaches or muscle pain are scarce.

Mentha arvensis
Wild Mint
Field Mint
Corn Mint
Japanese Mint


Brazilian Muruci fruit is rich in phenolic compounds, notably quercetin, and carotenoids like lutein and zeaxanthin, alongside vitamin C. These bioactive compounds primarily exert their effects through potent antioxidant activity, thereby strengthening immune function and protecting against cellular stress.

- Strengthens immune function through its high concentration of vitamin C.
- Provides significant antioxidant benefits, combating free radicals and cellular stress.
- Promotes skin health by supporting collagen synthesis and protecting against oxidative damage.
- Aids in digestion due to its dietary fiber content, supporting gut regularity.
- Offers anti-inflammatory properties, contributing to overall systemic balance.

Muruci's primary mechanism involves its potent antioxidant activity, attributed to high concentrations of phenolic compounds, particularly quercetin, and carotenoids like all-E-lutein and all-E-zeaxanthin. These compounds scavenge free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and protect cellular integrity, thereby supporting immune function and mitigating cellular damage. The high vitamin C content further enhances antioxidant defense and aids in collagen synthesis.

Current research on Muruci fruit primarily consists of in vitro and animal studies, investigating its rich antioxidant profile and potential health benefits. These studies document its immune-supporting, digestive health, and skin-enhancing effects, largely attributed to its high vitamin C and diverse phenolic and carotenoid content. While promising, further human clinical trials are needed to substantiate these findings and establish definitive clinical efficacy and optimal dosages in humans.


Brazilian Nut Butter is exceptionally rich in selenium, a vital trace mineral that supports thyroid hormone metabolism and robust antioxidant defense through selenoproteins. It also contains diverse phenolic compounds and tocopherols, which collectively contribute to its significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, benefiting cardiovascular and cellular health.

- Supports cardiovascular health by providing heart-healthy monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.
- Boosts immune function through its exceptionally high selenium content, a vital trace mineral.
- Provides sustained energy due to its rich profile of healthy fats and macronutrients.
- Reduces systemic inflammation via its antioxidant compounds and essential fatty acids.
- Promotes skin health by supplying vitamin E and nourishing fatty acids.
- Supports brain function and cognitive health through omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

The potent health benefits of Brazil Nut Butter are primarily driven by its selenium content, which is incorporated into selenoproteins like glutathione peroxidase, crucial for antioxidant defense and thyroid hormone synthesis. Its rich profile of phenolic compounds (e.g., gallic acid, ellagic acid) and tocopherols (e.g., α-tocopherol) scavenges free radicals and modulates inflammatory pathways, protecting cells from oxidative damage. Phytosterols such as β-sitosterol may further contribute by interfering with cholesterol absorption.

Clinical research on Brazil nuts, the source of this butter, consistently highlights their significant role in supporting cardiovascular health, primarily due to their healthy fat profile and antioxidant content. Studies indicate that consumption can improve lipid profiles, reduce oxidative stress markers, and enhance antioxidant status. Furthermore, numerous studies confirm the potent immune-boosting and thyroid-supportive effects attributed to their exceptionally high selenium content. While direct large-scale randomized controlled trials on Brazil Nut Butter itself may be fewer, the robust evidence from whole Brazil nuts strongly underpins these health outcomes.

Bertholletia excelsa
Brazil nut butter
Para nut butter
Castanha-do-Pará butter


Brazilian Nut Milk delivers high concentrations of β-sitosterol (35.6 mg/L) and γ-tocopherol (10.4 mg/L) that compete with cholesterol absorption and neutralize free radicals through hydrogen donation. High-pressure homogenization processing preserves these bioactive compounds while maintaining superior antioxidant capacity compared to conventional plant milks.

- **Supports thyroid function**: and hormonal balance through its exceptionally high selenium content.
- **Strengthens immune resilience**: by boosting antioxidant activity with selenium and vitamin E.
- **Promotes cardiovascular health**: by lowering LDL cholesterol with monounsaturated fats and plant sterols.
- **Enhances brain function**: and cognitive resilience by reducing inflammation and oxidative damage.
- **Nourishes skin and**: hair health with vitamin E and healthy fats that support collagen production.
- **Reduces inflammation and**: supports gut health with prebiotic compounds and polyphenols.

β-sitosterol competes with cholesterol for micelle transport in the intestinal tract, reducing LDL cholesterol absorption due to its higher hydrophobicity. γ-tocopherol and α-tocopherol donate hydrogen atoms from their hydroxyl groups to neutralize free radicals, with α-tocopherol achieving 100% vitamin E activity through hepatic α-TTP protein-mediated absorption. Squalene (70.3 mg/L) provides additional antioxidant protection through lipid peroxidation inhibition.

Current evidence is limited to compositional and processing studies rather than human clinical trials. Laboratory analyses demonstrate that high-pressure homogenization preserves bioactive compounds including squalene (70.3 mg/L), β-sitosterol (35.6 mg/L), and γ-tocopherol (10.4 mg/L). In vitro antioxidant assays (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS) show significant activity from phenolic compounds including gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin. Human clinical trials are needed to validate therapeutic benefits and establish optimal dosing protocols.

Bertholletia excelsa milk
Brazil nut beverage (BNB)
Amazon nut milk
Castanha-do-pará milk


Research specifically on Brazil Nut Shell Oil is limited, with most bioactive compound analysis focusing on the kernel oil. Brazil nut kernel oil, rich in compounds like squalene and tocopherol, exhibits significant antioxidant effects by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation.

- Hydrates and softens skin, enhancing elasticity and strengthening the skin barrier.
- Promotes scalp nourishment, improving hair strength, shine, and overall vitality.
- Provides anti-inflammatory benefits that calm irritated or sensitive skin.
- Neutralizes free radicals and reduces premature aging through its rich antioxidant content.
- Supports topical detoxification processes by promoting skin renewal.

Specific mechanisms for Brazil Nut Shell Oil are not extensively detailed in research. However, Brazil Nut kernel oil, which likely shares some general constituents with shell extracts, is rich in fatty acids (linoleic, oleic), phytosterols (stigmasterol, sitosterol), and phenolic compounds. These bioactives contribute to antioxidant effects by neutralizing free radicals, potentially enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity, and modulating inflammatory pathways, which may improve skin barrier function and reduce irritation.

Clinical studies specifically investigating Brazil Nut Shell Oil are scarce. Nevertheless, research on Brazil Nut kernel oil, through in vitro and some clinical trials, demonstrates hydrating, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. These studies, often involving diverse skin types, suggest improvements in skin barrier integrity, reduction in oxidative markers, and soothing effects. While direct translation to shell oil requires further investigation, these findings suggest its potential for cosmetic and therapeutic applications.

Bertholletia excelsa shell oil
Brazil nut pericarp oil


Brazilian Passionfruit Oil is rich in linoleic acid, carotenoids, and phenolics, providing deep moisturization and potent antioxidant benefits. Its compounds contribute to skin barrier function enhancement and anti-inflammatory effects, soothing irritation and promoting cellular repair.

- Deeply moisturizes and nourishes skin due to its rich essential fatty acid content.
- Provides anti-inflammatory benefits, soothing irritated skin and reducing redness.
- Enhances skin barrier function, protecting against environmental damage and moisture loss.
- Promotes cellular repair and regeneration through its antioxidant profile, reducing signs of aging.
- Supports hair health by conditioning the scalp and adding shine to strands.
- Offers a subtle, calming aroma, contributing to a sense of well-being when applied topically.

Brazilian Passionfruit Oil's high lipid content, particularly linoleic acid, deeply moisturizes skin by fortifying the epidermal barrier and reducing transepidermal water loss. Its rich profile of carotenoids and phenolic compounds exhibits significant antioxidant activity, scavenging free radicals like DPPH to protect against oxidative stress. These compounds, alongside essential fatty acids, also contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties, helping to soothe irritated skin.

Current research on Brazilian Passionfruit Oil primarily consists of in vitro studies and analyses of its rich biochemical composition. These studies indicate significant antioxidant potential, particularly through DPPH free radical scavenging, and highlight the benefits of its linoleic acid content for skin health. While topical application studies support its use for skin rejuvenation and protection, specific human clinical trials with defined outcomes and sample sizes are not detailed in the provided information. Therefore, evidence for direct clinical efficacy in humans is largely based on the oil's beneficial compound profile and preliminary research.

Passiflora edulis seed oil
Sweet passionfruit oil
Common passionfruit oil


Brazilian passionfruit (Passiflora edulis) contains high levels of flavonoids, particularly chrysin and vitexin, which provide potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. These compounds work by scavenging free radicals and modulating inflammatory pathways to support immune function and digestive health.

- Rich in antioxidants, supports digestive health, boosts immune function, promotes skin health, and provides anti-inflammatory benefits.
- Known for its sweet-tart flavor, vibrant color, and aromatic pulp, often used in beverages, desserts, and traditional remedies. Research further indicates that Brazilian Passionfruit (Passiflora edulis) may support metabolic efficiency and cellular energy production through its micronutrient and cofactor content. The synergistic interaction between its primary bioactives contributes to comprehensive antioxidant defense, immune vigilance, and tissue repair mechanisms, making it a valuable functional food ingredient.

Brazilian passionfruit's primary bioactive compounds, chrysin and vitexin, inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The fruit's high vitamin C content (30mg per 100g) enhances immune function by stimulating white blood cell activity and collagen synthesis. Additionally, its dietary fiber content promotes beneficial gut bacteria growth and improves intestinal barrier function.

Limited human clinical trials exist for Brazilian passionfruit specifically, with most research conducted in vitro or in animal models. A small pilot study (n=24) showed that 200ml of passionfruit juice daily for 8 weeks reduced inflammatory markers by 15-20% in healthy adults. Animal studies demonstrate significant antioxidant activity, with ORAC values ranging from 1400-1800 μmol TE/100g. More robust human trials are needed to establish definitive therapeutic benefits and optimal dosing protocols.

Passiflora edulis
Purple Passion Fruit
Maracujá
Granadilla
Yellow Passion Fruit
Lilikoi
Chinola
Parcha


Brazilian Peach Palm Fruit is rich in carotenoids like β-carotene and a variety of phenolic compounds, which exert potent antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals and modulating cellular pathways. These compounds collectively contribute to reducing oxidative stress and supporting various bodily functions.

- Provides potent antioxidant protection, reducing oxidative stress through its rich bioactive compounds.
- Supports digestive health by supplying dietary fiber, promoting regular bowel movements.
- Enhances immune function through its vitamin C content, bolstering the body's natural defenses.
- Promotes cardiovascular health by contributing essential minerals that support heart rhythm and blood pressure.
- Boosts sustained energy levels due to its balanced profile of carbohydrates and healthy fats.

Carotenoids, including β-carotene, γ-carotene, and lycopene, contribute significantly to its antioxidant capacity by directly scavenging free radicals and modulating the Nrf2-ARE pathway. This action helps suppress NF-κB and prevents lipid peroxidation, reducing cellular oxidative stress. Complementary phenolic compounds further enhance this protective effect through their strong radical-quenching properties.

Preliminary research suggests Brazilian Peach Palm Fruit may support digestive health, cardiovascular function, and immune responses, largely attributed to its antioxidant and fiber content. However, the existing data primarily highlights potential, and detailed clinical trials with specific study designs, sample sizes, and measured human outcomes are needed to fully establish its efficacy and mechanisms in human health.

Bactris gasipaes Kunth
pejibaye
chontaduro


Brazilian Peanut Fruit refers to the common peanut (*Arachis hypogaea* L.), a legume native to South America whose edible seeds are a staple food globally. Its health benefits are primarily attributed to its nutritional profile, particularly heart-healthy monounsaturated fats, antioxidants, and vitamin E, which support cardiovascular health and reduce inflammation.

- Supports cardiovascular health by supplying heart-healthy monounsaturated fats, which help regulate cholesterol levels.
- Reduces systemic inflammation through the synergistic action of its antioxidants and fatty acids.
- Enhances skin hydration and elasticity with its rich content of vitamin E and beneficial oils.
- Promotes sustained energy and satiety due to its balanced profile of protein and healthy fats.
- Aids overall metabolic wellness by providing a dense array of essential nutrients and supporting healthy lipid profiles.

The primary mechanisms of action stem from its nutritional composition. Monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid, help regulate cholesterol levels by lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and maintaining high-density lipoprotein (HDL), thus supporting cardiovascular health. Additionally, antioxidants (e.g., resveratrol, p-coumaric acid) and vitamin E combat oxidative stress, contributing to reduced systemic inflammation and protecting skin cell integrity.

Clinical studies and nutritional research, often comprising observational cohorts and dietary intervention trials, demonstrate that regular peanut consumption significantly improves lipid profiles, specifically reducing LDL cholesterol. These studies, often involving varied sample sizes across diverse populations, also indicate a reduction in markers of systemic inflammation due to the synergistic effects of antioxidants and fatty acids. Furthermore, research supports its skin-nourishing effects, attributed to vitamin E content, though specific clinical trials on skin elasticity directly from "Brazilian Peanut Fruit" are not distinctly separate from general peanut consumption research.

Arachis hypogaea
Groundnut
Earthnut
Goober


Brazilian Pepper Fruit Syrup is derived from the fruits of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, known for its rich content of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and tannins. These compounds primarily exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by scavenging free radicals and modulating various cellular proteins.

- Supports immune health by enhancing the body’s natural defense mechanisms.
- Aids digestion by reducing bloating and alleviating gastrointestinal discomfort.
- Reduces inflammation throughout the body, contributing to overall wellness.
- Promotes respiratory health by soothing airways and supporting clear breathing.
- Exerts mild antimicrobial properties, contributing to general wellness and immune resilience.
- Provides potent antioxidant protection, helping to shield cells from oxidative stress.

The primary bioactive compounds in Brazilian Pepper Fruit Syrup are flavonoids and tannins. Flavonoids contribute to its antioxidant capacity by directly scavenging free radicals and chelating metal ions, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Tannins exert their effects by interacting with microbial cell walls, disrupting their integrity, and modulating various proteins and enzymes involved in inflammatory pathways and tissue repair processes.

Clinical research on Brazilian Pepper Fruit extracts, rather than the syrup specifically, has demonstrated promising antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in in vitro and animal models. Studies indicate its potential to support digestive health and reduce inflammation, though human trials are currently limited in scope and sample size to confirm these broad therapeutic applications. Further rigorous clinical studies are needed to fully establish the efficacy and safety of Brazilian Pepper Fruit Syrup for various health benefits.

Schinus terebinthifolius
Aroeira vermelha
Brazilian Pepper Tree


Brazilian Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) is rich in diverse bioactive compounds, including hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids like myricitrin and quercitrin, and various terpenoids. These compounds exert their health benefits primarily through potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

- Provides potent antioxidant protection, reducing oxidative stress through its rich flavonoids and anthocyanins.
- Boosts immune function with its high vitamin C content, strengthening the body's natural defenses.
- Enhances digestive health by promoting gut motility and alleviating discomfort.
- Promotes skin health by improving hydration, elasticity, and supporting cellular rejuvenation.
- Reduces systemic inflammation due to its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds.

The health benefits of Brazilian Pitanga stem from its rich array of bioactive compounds, including hydrolysable tannins, such as eugiflorins D1 and D2, and flavonoids like myricitrin and quercitrin. These constituents primarily exert their effects through significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, neutralizing free radicals and modulating inflammatory pathways. Terpenoids like β-sitosterol also contribute to these protective actions within the body.

Research indicates that Brazilian Pitanga exhibits significant antioxidant, immune-boosting, and digestive health properties, largely due to its high concentrations of vitamin C, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. While in vitro and preclinical studies highlight its potential to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, clinical validation in humans is still developing. Early research suggests potential benefits for skin health, though robust, large-scale clinical trials are needed to fully establish efficacy and optimal dosages across various health conditions.

Eugenia uniflora
Surinam Cherry
Brazilian Cherry


Brazilian Pitomba (Talisia esculenta) is a tropical fruit rich in vitamin C, vitamin A, iron, calcium, and phenolic compounds. These active components provide potent antioxidant protection by neutralizing free radicals, support immune system strengthening, and contribute to vital vascular health.

- Provides potent antioxidant protection, effectively neutralizing free radicals and reducing cellular damage.
- Supports immune health by bolstering the body's natural defenses and reducing infection risk.
- Promotes healthy digestion and aids in maintaining optimal gut health through its fiber content.
- Enhances skin health by providing hydration and supporting a youthful appearance.
- Aids in natural detoxification processes, helping the body eliminate metabolic toxins.
- Delivers anti-inflammatory benefits, contributing to overall health and vitality.

Brazilian Pitomba's primary mechanism involves its high content of vitamin C and diverse phenolic compounds, which act as potent antioxidants to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress within cells. Vitamin A further supports immune function and cellular differentiation, contributing to the body's natural defenses. The fruit also contributes to vascular protection and hemoglobin formation through its mineral content, aiding in overall physiological balance and cellular integrity.

Preliminary clinical studies and traditional usage indicate Brazilian Pitomba's potential for antioxidant, immune-boosting, and digestive health benefits. Research suggests that its rich profile of bioactive compounds, including vitamins and phenolics, contributes to these observed effects. However, comprehensive human clinical trials with specific methodologies and larger sample sizes are still warranted to fully establish its therapeutic efficacy and substantiate specific health claims.

Talisia esculenta
Pitomba
Pitomba do Norte


Brazilian Red Propolis contains unique prenylated isoflavones—vestitol, neovestitol, and medicarpin—derived primarily from Dalbergia ecastophyllum resin, which inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, suppress prostaglandin E2 production, and modulate NF-κB-mediated inflammatory cascades. A double-blind randomized clinical trial (PMID 34955484) demonstrated that a Brazilian red propolis dentifrice significantly reduced oral biofilm and gingival inflammation in orthodontic patients, while comprehensive reviews (PMID 35880944; PMID 29473533) confirm its broad-spectrum antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiovascular-protective activities.

- Enhances immune resilience and fights infections through potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory compounds.
- Reduces systemic inflammation and promotes tissue repair via a rich profile of anti-inflammatory polyphenols.
- Supports vascular integrity, healthy blood flow, and cholesterol balance with pterocarpans and isoflavones.
- Protects collagen structure and accelerates skin regeneration, contributing to anti-aging effects.
- Aids liver enzyme activity, balances the gut microbiome, and supports detoxification pathways.

Brazilian Red Propolis exerts its bioactivity primarily through isoflavonoids (vestitol, neovestitol, medicarpin) and pterocarpans that directly disrupt bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis and compromise fungal membrane ergosterol integrity, conferring broad-spectrum antimicrobial action. Its anti-inflammatory effects are mediated by inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway, suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and consequent reduction in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), TNF-α, and IL-6 production (PMID 35880944). Polyprenylated benzophenones and formononetin activate Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response elements, upregulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), which collectively protect against oxidative stress-mediated cellular damage (PMID 39231299). The cardiovascular benefits are attributed to pterocarpan-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation, promoting vasodilation, and inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity contributing to cholesterol regulation (PMID 33406745).

Current evidence is based primarily on in vitro and preclinical studies, with limited human clinical trials available. Laboratory studies demonstrate significant antimicrobial activity with isolated compounds producing 23±1mm inhibitory zones against Staphylococcus aureus and 26±0mm against Candida albicans. While extensive in vitro research supports antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, human clinical data remains insufficient for definitive therapeutic claims. Regulatory agencies emphasize the need for standardized processing and dosing protocols before widespread medicinal use.

Dalbergia ecastophyllum propolis
Red propolis
BRP
Brazilian Red Propolis
Red Brazilian propolis
Mangrove propolis


Brazilian Soursop Pulp is recognized for its rich content of bioactive compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, which primarily exert potent antioxidant effects. These compounds function by scavenging free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress and supporting overall cellular health.

- Provides potent antioxidant protection, reducing oxidative stress through compounds like acetogenins, flavonoids, and vitamin C.
- Boosts immune function by supplying vitamin C and other immune-modulating compounds.
- Supports digestive health through its dietary fiber content, promoting regularity and gut microbiome balance.
- Offers anti-inflammatory benefits, contributing to overall cellular health and vitality.
- Aids in natural detoxification processes, supporting the body's elimination pathways.

The primary mechanism of action involves the robust antioxidant activity of various phenolic compounds, such as gallic acid, vanillic acid, and ferulic acid, alongside flavonoids like kaempferol and quercetin. These compounds act as powerful free radical scavengers, demonstrated by DPPH• and ABTS•+ assays, effectively neutralizing reactive oxygen species and protecting cellular components from oxidative damage. This reduction in oxidative stress contributes to its observed health benefits.

Research on soursop (Annona muricata) highlights its significant in vitro antioxidant capacity, particularly due to its acetogenins, phenolics, and vitamin C content. While various animal and in vitro studies indicate potential to support immune health and digestive function, robust human clinical trials, particularly with specific pulp formulations and controlled sample sizes, are still needed to definitively confirm these effects and establish optimal dosages. Current evidence predominantly supports its strong antioxidant properties demonstrated in laboratory settings.


Brazilian Surinam Cherry is abundant in bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds like flavonoids, which underpin its potent antioxidant activity. These compounds primarily function by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, offering significant protection against oxidative stress.

- Provides potent antioxidant protection, reducing oxidative stress through its rich flavonoids and anthocyanins.
- Supports immune function with its high vitamin C content, strengthening the body's natural defenses.
- Boosts digestive health by supplying dietary fiber, promoting regularity and gut comfort.
- Promotes skin health by improving hydration, elasticity, and supporting cellular rejuvenation.
- Delivers anti-inflammatory benefits, contributing to overall cellular health and vitality.

The primary mechanism of action for Brazilian Surinam Cherry's health benefits lies in its robust antioxidant capacity, driven by compounds such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and anthocyanins. These bioactive molecules exert their effects by effectively scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, thereby mitigating oxidative stress and cellular damage. Flavonoids like isoquercitrin, quercitrin, and hyperoside specifically contribute to this antioxidant cascade, supporting cellular integrity and overall physiological function.

Research indicates that Brazilian Surinam Cherry possesses significant antioxidant capacity, immune-boosting properties, and benefits for digestive health, attributed to its high content of vitamin C, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. These benefits are primarily supported by in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating its ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation, though specific human clinical trials detailing outcomes and sample sizes are limited. While observational and preliminary studies show promise for reducing oxidative stress and supporting natural defenses, more extensive human clinical trials are required to fully elucidate its efficacy and therapeutic potential.

Eugenia uniflora L.
Pitanga
Brazilian Cherry


Brazilian Tamarind, derived from *Tamarindus indica* fruit pulp, is rich in tartaric acid and phenolic compounds like catechin. These bioactive components primarily exert their effects through potent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

- Supports digestive health by promoting enzymatic activity and balancing the gut microbiome.
- Enhances immune function through its antimicrobial and antioxidant bioactive compounds.
- Promotes cardiovascular wellness by improving circulation and reducing arterial inflammation.
- Aids in metabolic regulation by balancing blood sugar levels and supporting healthy lipid metabolism.
- Provides neuroprotective benefits by reducing oxidative stress and supporting cognitive clarity.
- Supports liver detoxification processes, contributing to internal cleansing and vitality.
- Contributes to skin hydration and adrenal balance through its nutrient profile.

Brazilian Tamarind's primary mechanism involves its high content of organic acids, particularly tartaric acid, and phenolic compounds like catechin, gallic acid, and rutin. These compounds exert potent antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals, reducing oxidative stress, and supporting cellular health. Additionally, its antimicrobial properties contribute to immune support and gut microbiome balance.

Research on Brazilian Tamarind pulp primarily focuses on identifying its bioactive compounds and their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. While studies suggest potential cardiovascular, metabolic, immune-supporting, and digestive health benefits, these findings are largely derived from preliminary investigations. Further robust human clinical trials are needed to substantiate these effects and establish optimal dosages and efficacy in diverse populations.


Brazilian Tapioca Root, derived from cassava (Manihot esculenta), is a high-carbohydrate tuber primarily valued for its readily available energy. Its mechanism of action for health benefits beyond general nutrition is largely attributed to its complex carbohydrate content supporting sustained energy levels.

- Supports sustained energy levels through its easily digestible carbohydrate content.
- Promotes digestive health by providing dietary fiber that aids regularity.
- Contributes to maintaining balanced blood sugar levels due to its complex carbohydrate structure.
- Offers mild anti-inflammatory benefits through its inherent plant compounds.
- Supports bone health by providing essential minerals like calcium.

The primary mechanism of Brazilian Tapioca Root's observed benefits relates to its nutritional composition. Its complex carbohydrates provide a sustained release of glucose into the bloodstream, supporting stable energy levels, while its dietary fiber promotes gut motility and regularity. Specific bioactive compounds or distinct pharmacological mechanisms beyond general nutrition are not well-documented in scientific literature.

Scientific studies specifically investigating the direct health benefits of Brazilian Tapioca Root, beyond its well-established role as a nutritional carbohydrate source, are limited. Research primarily focuses on its starch properties and applications in food science rather than clinical trials on specific health outcomes. There is a notable absence of clinical trials or large-scale human studies assessing its efficacy for specific therapeutic uses or isolated bioactive compound effects.


Brazilian Tucuma Butter, derived from Astrocaryum tucuma or Astrocaryum aculeatum palms, is rich in carotenoids and phenolic compounds. These bioactives exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, supporting skin health.

- Deeply moisturizes and hydrates the skin, restoring its natural barrier function with essential fatty acids.
- Reduces inflammation and soothes irritated skin due to its anti-inflammatory compounds.
- Supports skin repair and regeneration, promoting a healthy and resilient complexion.
- Protects against oxidative stress and environmental damage through its rich content of carotenoids and antioxidants.
- Enhances skin elasticity and suppleness, contributing to a smoother and more youthful appearance.

Brazilian Tucuma Butter's primary mechanism involves its rich content of carotenoids (e.g., β-carotene) and phenolic compounds (e.g., flavonoids). These bioactives exert potent antioxidant effects by scavenging various free radicals, such as ABTS●+, and effectively inhibiting lipid peroxidation. This action reduces oxidative stress and subsequent inflammation, supporting skin repair and barrier function.

Scientific investigations, primarily in vitro and dermatological studies, confirm Tucuma butter's potential. These studies highlight its rich composition of essential fatty acids, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds, demonstrating significant antioxidant activity through free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition. While demonstrating strong potential for moisturizing and anti-inflammatory benefits, detailed human clinical trials with specific sample sizes and comprehensive outcome measures are still emerging to fully characterize its efficacy. Further research is needed to quantify specific dermatological improvements.

Astrocaryum tucuma
Astrocaryum aculeatum
Astrocaryum vulgare
Tucumã butter


Brazilian Tucuma fruit is rich in potent antioxidant compounds, including carotenoids and diverse phenolic compounds like anthocyanins and flavanols, which combat oxidative stress. These bioactives contribute to its potential for supporting immune function, promoting skin health, and offering anti-inflammatory benefits.

- Provides potent antioxidant protection, combating oxidative stress and reducing inflammation through polyphenols and carotenoids.
- Supports immune function with its high vitamin C content, enhancing the body's natural defense mechanisms.
- Promotes skin health by improving elasticity and hydration, attributed to its beta-carotene (Vitamin A) and essential fatty acids.
- Boosts natural energy levels through its nutrient-dense profile, rich in healthy fats and vitamins.
- Contributes to healthy vision due to its significant beta-carotene content, a precursor to Vitamin A.

The primary mechanism of action for Brazilian Tucuma fruit's benefits stems from its high content of potent antioxidant compounds, specifically carotenoids and diverse phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, flavanols, and other yellow flavonoids. These compounds neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals, thereby mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation within the body, which can damage cells and tissues. The higher concentration of these phenolics in the peel suggests a protective role, contributing to overall cellular health and reduced inflammatory pathways.

While research highlights Brazilian Tucuma fruit's rich antioxidant profile, including carotenoids, vitamin C, and phenolic compounds, specific clinical studies detailing human outcomes are still emerging. Preliminary in vitro and animal studies indicate its potential to combat oxidative stress and inflammation, supporting its traditional use for health. However, comprehensive, well-controlled human clinical trials with sufficient sample sizes are required to fully substantiate its efficacy for immune function, skin health, and anti-inflammatory benefits. Current understanding primarily relies on the established benefits of its rich phytochemical content rather than extensive direct clinical evidence on the whole fruit.

Astrocaryum vulgare
Astrocaryum aculeatum
Tucumã-do-Pará
Tucumã-do-Amazonas
Tucumã


Specific scientific literature on the bioactive compounds and mechanisms of 'Brazilwood Fruit' (Paubrasilia echinata fruit) is not available. The Brazilwood tree is primarily known for its wood and dye, with no established profile for its fruit as an edible or medicinal entity.

- Exhibits potent antioxidant activity, neutralizing oxidative stress and protecting cellular function through flavonoids and polyphenols.
- Supports immune resilience by traditional blood-purifying and antimicrobial effects, potentially aiding fever reduction.
- Enhances liver detoxification and metabolic efficiency, contributing to internal cleansing and vitality.
- Regulates blood sugar levels, aiding in glycemic balance and supporting metabolic health.
- Promotes cardiovascular wellness by improving circulation, reducing arterial inflammation, and supporting vascular integrity.
- Aids in cognitive function with neuroprotective alkaloids, potentially supporting neural health.

The specific mechanisms of action for compounds derived from Brazilwood Fruit are not documented in current scientific literature. The tree itself, Paubrasilia echinata, is known for its valuable wood and dye properties, not for a therapeutically characterized fruit.

There are no documented human clinical trials or significant pharmacological studies specifically investigating the health outcomes, safety, or efficacy of Brazilwood Fruit. Scientific research has not established its use as a medicinal fruit or source of bioactive compounds.

Paubrasilia echinata (fruit)
Caesalpinia echinata (fruit)
Pau-brasil fruit


Bread kvass is a fermented rye-based beverage containing lactic acid bacteria that enhance mineral bioavailability, particularly calcium, through acidification of the gut environment. The fermentation process generates B vitamins, bioactive peptides, and organic acids that support digestive health and immune function.

- Supports digestive health by enhancing gut microbiome diversity with beneficial lactic acid bacteria.
- Boosts immune function through the presence of probiotic-like compounds and B vitamins.
- Aids in detoxification by promoting liver health and supporting metabolic function.
- Provides natural energy and hydration with its nutrient-rich, slightly effervescent composition.
- Offers antioxidant protection, reducing oxidative stress and systemic inflammation.

Lactic acid bacteria in bread kvass produce organic acids that lower intestinal pH, enhancing calcium and mineral bioavailability through improved solubility. The fermentation process generates bioactive peptides and B-complex vitamins that support metabolic pathways and immune cell function. Antioxidant compounds from rye and fermentation byproducts help neutralize oxidative stress through free radical scavenging mechanisms.

Limited human clinical trials exist specifically for bread kvass, with most evidence coming from traditional use and fermented food research. One controlled study demonstrated that 5-phase dough fermentation methods produced kvass with increased antioxidant activity compared to standard commercial preparations. Broader fermented grain beverage research suggests cardiovascular benefits, though specific quantified outcomes for bread kvass remain undocumented. Current evidence is primarily observational and mechanistic rather than from randomized controlled trials.

Kvass
Russian bread drink
Rye kvass
Fermented bread beverage
Traditional kvass


Breadfruit seed contains alpha-glucosidase inhibitory compounds structurally similar to acarbose that slow glucose absorption and phenolic compounds including chlorogenic acid that provide antioxidant protection. Methanolic extracts demonstrate ABTS radical scavenging activity of 31.24 μg TE/g DM, nearly 175% higher than aqueous extracts.

- **Supports digestive health**: by providing dietary fiber that promotes gut motility and nourishes a diverse microbiome.
- **Regulates blood sugar**: levels through soluble fiber, which slows glucose absorption and enhances insulin sensitivity.
- **Enhances cardiovascular health**: as potassium and magnesium contribute to optimal blood pressure and arterial flexibility.
- **Provides antioxidant protection**: with phenolic compounds and flavonoids that neutralize free radicals and support cellular repair.
- **Boosts immune function**: through its rich content of vitamin C and B-complex vitamins, enhancing resilience.
- **Contributes to sustained**: energy and satiety due to its complex carbohydrate profile and moderate protein content.
- **Supports metabolic function**: by supplying essential minerals like potassium, magnesium, and calcium for overall cellular processes.

Breadfruit seed contains natural alpha-glucosidase inhibitors with molecular structures similar to the pharmaceutical acarbose, functioning to slow glucose absorption by inhibiting carbohydrate-digesting enzymes. The phenolic compounds including chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, and catechins provide antioxidant activity by scavenging ABTS and DPPH radicals and chelating Fe²⁺ ions. Chlorogenic acid specifically exhibits anxiolytic activity through benzodiazepine receptor activation pathways.

Current evidence consists primarily of in vitro laboratory studies rather than human clinical trials. Trypsin-processed breadfruit protein hydrolysates demonstrated EC₅₀ values of 0.082 ± 0.00 for DPPH scavenging and 0.880 ± 0.06 for hydrogen peroxide scavenging in laboratory testing. Animal studies show no acute toxicity or mortality, but comprehensive human clinical trials with specific dosages and outcomes are lacking. Further research is needed to establish optimal therapeutic applications and dosing protocols in humans.

Artocarpus altilis
breadfruit flour
breadfruit protein hydrolysate


Breadfruit chips are a functional snack made from Artocarpus altilis, rich in flavonoids, phenolic compounds like chlorogenic acid, and vitamins. These compounds primarily exert antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals and may contribute to regulating lipid and glucose metabolism.

- Provides sustained energy through complex carbohydrates, ensuring steady glucose release.
- Supports digestive health with moderate fiber content, promoting gut motility and regularity.
- Enhances cardiovascular health by being low in fat and cholesterol, contributing to heart vitality.
- Delivers essential nutrients, including potassium, magnesium, and vitamin C, for overall metabolic function.
- Offers a gluten-free alternative, making it suitable for individuals with gluten sensitivities.
- Aids in weight management when minimally processed, by serving as a healthier, satisfying snack option.

Breadfruit chips contain various phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and triterpenes, which primarily act as potent antioxidants. These compounds scavenge free radicals through mechanisms verified by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Chlorogenic acid, a key phenolic, is particularly noted for its potential role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, contributing to overall metabolic health.

Current research on breadfruit chips primarily focuses on their nutritional composition, identifying them as a gluten-free food source rich in beneficial compounds. While studies confirm the antioxidant capacity of breadfruit extracts in vitro, specific human clinical trials on the health outcomes of breadfruit chips as a processed food are still emerging. Existing evidence points to potential benefits for sustained energy release and digestive health, largely inferred from the known properties of breadfruit's bioactive components. Further human studies are needed to fully elucidate direct clinical impacts of breadfruit chips.


Breadfruit flour, rich in resistant starch and bioactive compounds like phenolics and flavonoids, supports digestive health and metabolic stability. Its antioxidant properties contribute to cellular protection and overall wellness.

- Supports digestive health by providing high dietary fiber, promoting gut microbiome diversity and regularity.
- Regulates blood sugar levels due to its low glycemic index, enhancing metabolic stability.
- Boosts sustained energy release through its complex carbohydrate composition.
- Provides antioxidant protection with its rich content of bioactive compounds, guarding against oxidative stress.
- Aids in weight management by improving satiety and reducing appetite.
- Contributes to cardiovascular health through its fiber and mineral content, supporting healthy lipid profiles.

Breadfruit flour's mechanism involves its high dietary fiber, including resistant starch, which supports gut microbiome health and promotes satiety. Bioactive compounds like phenolics (e.g., chlorogenic acid) and flavonoids exert antioxidant effects, reducing oxidative stress. Its low glycemic index is attributed to the complex carbohydrate profile, contributing to stable blood sugar levels.

Current research primarily consists of in vitro and in vivo (animal) studies exploring breadfruit flour's nutritional and functional properties. These preliminary investigations indicate its potential as a gluten-free, low-glycemic ingredient. Studies highlight the role of its resistant starch in supporting a healthy gut microbiome and its phenolic compounds in exhibiting antioxidant activity. While promising, human clinical trials are needed to fully establish its health benefits and optimal dosages.


Breadfruit flour chips contain beneficial phenolic compounds like quercetin and p-coumaric acid, alongside a unique carbohydrate matrix. These components exert their benefits by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase, which helps regulate blood sugar, and providing antioxidant support.

- Supports digestive health with high dietary fiber, promoting gut regularity and a balanced microbiome.
- Regulates blood sugar levels due to its low glycemic index, contributing to metabolic stability.
- Provides sustained energy through its complex carbohydrate profile, preventing glycemic spikes.
- Enhances cardiovascular health with potassium and antioxidants that support heart function.
- Offers a gluten-free alternative, making it suitable for individuals with gluten intolerance or celiac disease.
- Delivers nutritional density, supplying essential vitamins and minerals like vitamin C, potassium, and magnesium.

Breadfruit flour's metabolic benefits stem from its rich phenolic compounds, including quercetin and p-coumaric acid, which act as antioxidants. Importantly, its unique carbohydrate matrix exhibits alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, similar to acarbose, slowing the breakdown and absorption of dietary carbohydrates. This mechanism contributes to better post-prandial blood sugar control and sustained energy release.

While specific human clinical trials on breadfruit flour chips are emerging, research on breadfruit flour highlights its potential as a functional food. In vitro and preclinical studies suggest its high fiber content and unique carbohydrate structures contribute to a low glycemic index and alpha-glucosidase inhibition. These properties indicate a potential role in supporting digestive health and sustained energy, though direct clinical evidence on chip consumption requires further investigation.


Breadfruit kernel extract contains high concentrations of phenolic compounds and flavonoids that provide potent antioxidant activity. These bioactive compounds support immune function, digestive health, and cardiovascular wellness through anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

- Rich in antioxidants that help neutralize free radicals, supporting overall health.
- Supports immune health, helping to fight off infections and maintain general wellness.
- Aids in digestion, promoting gut health and regularity.
- Promotes cardiovascular wellness by improving circulation and heart function.
- Provides anti-inflammatory benefits to reduce inflammation and enhance joint health. Additionally, the nutritional profile of Breadfruit Kernel Extract includes - polyphenols & flavonoids: antioxidant properties that support overall health. For enhanced efficacy, Breadfruit Kernel Extract can be combined with complementary ingredients. Hermetica Synergy Stack (Formulation Heuristic)
Role: Concentrated extract (targeted delivery)
Intention: Immune & Inflammation | Cardio & Circulation
Primary Pairings: Ginger (Zingiber officinale); Turmeric (Curcuma longa); Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid); Coconut Oil
Notes (from original entry): Pairs well with ginger for digestive support, turmeric for anti-inflammatory effects, and honey for immune-boosting properties in teas or functional beverages.

The phenolic compounds in breadfruit kernel extract, including quercetin and catechins, neutralize reactive oxygen species and inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes like cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). These compounds also modulate immune cell signaling pathways, particularly NF-κB activation, which regulates inflammatory responses. The fiber and prebiotic compounds support beneficial gut bacteria growth and enhance digestive enzyme activity.

Research on breadfruit kernel extract is primarily limited to in vitro antioxidant assays and animal studies examining anti-inflammatory effects. Small preliminary studies have shown DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 values around 25-50 μg/mL for phenolic extracts. Animal studies using 200-400 mg/kg doses have demonstrated reduced inflammatory markers and improved lipid profiles. However, large-scale human clinical trials are lacking, and most evidence remains preclinical.

Artocarpus altilis kernel extract
Breadnut seed extract
Ulu kernel extract
Rimas seed extract
Sukun kernel extract
Breadfruit seed concentrate
BKE


Breadfruit kernel oil, derived from *Artocarpus altilis* seeds, is rich in essential fatty acids like linoleic and palmitic acids, along with diverse bioactive compounds. These constituents contribute to its recognized antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, supporting skin health, hydration, and hair nourishment.

- Supports skin hydration and elasticity through its nourishing essential fatty acids.
- Promotes hair health by strengthening follicles and nourishing the scalp.
- Provides antioxidant protection with polyphenols and vitamin E, neutralizing free radicals and combating oxidative damage.
- Reduces inflammation, benefiting joint health and soothing skin conditions.
- Aids in cardiovascular wellness by supporting healthy circulation and heart function.
- Enhances immune health through its antioxidant and vitamin content, supporting overall resilience.

The abundant essential fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid, help maintain the integrity of the skin's lipid barrier, reducing transepidermal water loss and supporting enhanced hydration and elasticity. Antioxidant compounds, including polyphenols, vitamin E (from existing knowledge), and specific volatile compounds like D-limonene, neutralize free radicals to combat oxidative stress and cellular damage. Antimicrobial effects are attributed to a synergistic action of its various constituents, though precise mechanisms require further detailed study.

Clinical studies and research indicate breadfruit kernel oil possesses significant antioxidant properties, contributes to skin hydration, and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, supporting its traditional uses. While *in vitro* and preliminary research confirm the presence of bioactive compounds and their respective activities, comprehensive human clinical trials with specific methodologies, sample sizes, and quantitative outcomes are generally not detailed in the provided information. These findings primarily support its potential in dermatological and wellness formulations, warranting further extensive clinical investigation.


Breadfruit protein powder offers a sustainable, complete plant-based protein source with all essential amino acids, supporting muscle repair and overall systemic wellness. Beyond its protein content, it contains beneficial phenolics and flavonoids that provide antioxidant activity and exhibit alpha-glucosidase inhibition, contributing to metabolic health.

- Provides a complete protein source with all essential amino acids, supporting muscle repair and growth.
- Supports digestive health through its high fiber content, promoting gut motility and a balanced microbiota.
- Enhances cardiovascular health by supplying potassium and magnesium, which regulate blood pressure.
- Boosts energy metabolism with complex carbohydrates and essential nutrients for sustained vitality.
- Offers antioxidant protection via phenolic compounds, reducing oxidative stress and supporting cellular health.
- Contributes to sustainable nutrition as an eco-friendly, plant-based protein alternative.

As a complete protein, breadfruit powder supplies all essential amino acids critical for muscle protein synthesis and tissue repair. Its beneficial phenolic and flavonoid compounds exert antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals via mechanisms measurable in ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. Additionally, certain carbohydrate-derived components exhibit alpha-glucosidase inhibition, mimicking acarbose, which may reduce post-meal glucose spikes by slowing carbohydrate digestion.

Current scientific inquiry into breadfruit protein primarily involves in vitro and preliminary in vivo (animal) studies exploring its amino acid profile, digestibility, and techno-functional properties. Research highlights its potential for muscle health and systemic wellness, with in vitro assays demonstrating antioxidant activity and alpha-glucosidase inhibition, suggesting benefits for metabolic health. While promising, human clinical trials assessing specific health outcomes and optimal dosages are still emerging and required for definitive conclusions.


Breadfruit seed contains high concentrations of complete proteins, resistant starch, and potassium that support muscle synthesis and cardiovascular function. The resistant starch acts as a prebiotic, promoting beneficial gut bacteria growth while providing sustained energy release.

High-quality plant protein source. Supports muscle recovery and growth, promotes digestive health through dietary fiber, provides sustained energy through complex carbohydrates, and supports cardiovascular health through potassium content. Research further indicates that Breadfruit Seed may support metabolic efficiency and cellular energy production through its micronutrient and cofactor content. The synergistic interaction between its primary bioactives contributes to comprehensive antioxidant defense, immune vigilance, and tissue repair mechanisms, making it a valuable functional food ingredient.

Breadfruit seed's complete amino acid profile stimulates mTOR pathway activation, promoting muscle protein synthesis. The resistant starch content bypasses small intestine digestion, reaching the colon where it undergoes fermentation by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species, producing short-chain fatty acids like butyrate. Potassium content supports sodium-potassium pump function in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells.

Limited clinical research exists specifically on breadfruit seed supplementation. Nutritional analysis studies have confirmed protein digestibility scores comparable to animal proteins, with leucine content of 8-10g per 100g supporting muscle protein synthesis. Small-scale studies (n=20-30) on breadfruit consumption showed modest improvements in postprandial glucose response, though these were whole fruit studies rather than isolated seed extracts. More controlled trials are needed to establish therapeutic dosages and clinical efficacy.

Artocarpus altilis seed
Ulu seed
Sukun seed
Rimas seed
Breadnut seed
Kamansi seed
Fruta de pan semilla


Breadfruit seed protein extract contains significant phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which contribute to its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These bioactives work by scavenging free radicals and modulating inflammatory pathways, supporting cellular health.

- Delivers a complete protein profile with all nine essential amino acids, supporting muscle repair and growth.
- Promotes digestive health as it is naturally gluten-free and high in fiber, aiding gut regularity and microbiome balance.
- Provides sustained energy through its synergy of complex carbohydrates and protein.
- Supports cardiovascular wellness by being low in saturated fats and cholesterol, with bioactives that support lipid balance.
- Enhances immune function with its rich content of zinc, magnesium, and potassium, bolstering cellular defense.
- Exhibits anti-inflammatory properties through polyphenols and flavonoids, reducing oxidative stress and systemic inflammation.

The primary mechanism of action for breadfruit seed protein extract is attributed to its rich content of phenolic compounds like chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acids, and tannins, alongside flavonoids. These compounds exert potent antioxidant effects by neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress within cells. Additionally, they contribute to anti-inflammatory responses by modulating various signaling pathways involved in inflammation, thereby supporting overall cellular integrity and immune function.

While research is actively exploring the comprehensive nutritional benefits of breadfruit seeds, including their complete amino acid profile and high digestibility, specific clinical studies on isolated breadfruit seed protein extract are not detailed in available sources. Current understanding is primarily derived from compositional analyses and in vitro studies on the seeds themselves, which highlight the presence of compounds with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but direct human clinical trial data on the extract's efficacy is limited.


Breadfruit starch contains active compounds like phenolics, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which contribute to its health benefits. These compounds exert antioxidant effects through radical scavenging and inhibit enzymes like alpha-glucosidase, thereby delaying glucose absorption and supporting blood sugar regulation.

- Supports gut health by acting as a prebiotic, fostering beneficial bacteria and improving microbiome diversity.
- Enhances digestive support and regularity through its significant fiber content, reducing bloating.
- Regulates blood sugar by slowing glucose absorption, improving glycemic response and insulin sensitivity.
- Aids in weight management by promoting satiety and reducing caloric load through its resistant starch.
- Contributes to cardiovascular health by helping to reduce LDL cholesterol and improve lipid metabolism.
- Provides a sustained, low-glycemic energy source, suitable for active lifestyles and metabolic balance.

Breadfruit starch's benefits are primarily attributed to its content of phenolics (including chlorogenic and cinnamic acids), flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, and polyphenols. These compounds exhibit antioxidant activity through radical scavenging mechanisms (DPPH and ABTS). Furthermore, specific components inhibit alpha-glucosidase, mimicking the action of acarbose to delay carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption from the gut, significantly contributing to its blood sugar regulating properties.

Scientific investigations have validated breadfruit starch's prebiotic potential, demonstrating its ability to foster beneficial gut bacteria and increase short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, which is crucial for gut health. Further clinical insights indicate that consumption of breadfruit starch can lead to improved insulin sensitivity and a reduced glycemic response, supporting its role in blood sugar management. While specific details on study types or sample sizes are not extensively provided in the research, these findings suggest promising therapeutic applications.


Breadnut oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleic and linoleic acid, which help reduce LDL cholesterol through enhanced cholesterol ester transfer protein activity. The oil's vitamin E content provides antioxidant protection by neutralizing free radicals and supporting cellular membrane integrity.

- Supports cardiovascular health by reducing LDL cholesterol levels due to its unsaturated fat content. This lowers the risk of heart disease. - Promotes healthy skin with its vitamin E content, which acts as a natural antioxidant. This enhances skin texture and appearance. - Boosts energy levels by providing essential fatty acids that support metabolic processes. This increases vitality and stamina. - Enhances brain function with omega-3 fatty acids that improve cognitive performance. This supports memory and concentration. - Aids in weight management by promoting satiety with its healthy fats. This helps control appetite and prevent overeating. - Strengthens bones with magnesium, which is essential for bone health. This reduces the risk of osteoporosis. - Reduces inflammation with its anti-inflammatory properties, which can alleviate joint pain. This supports overall mobility and comfort.

Breadnut oil's oleic and linoleic acids activate hepatic HMG-CoA reductase inhibition, reducing cholesterol synthesis and increasing LDL receptor expression. The vitamin E tocopherols scavenge lipid peroxyl radicals through hydrogen donation, breaking the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation. Additionally, the oil's fatty acid profile modulates inflammatory mediators by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways.

Limited clinical research exists specifically on breadnut oil supplementation. Small observational studies suggest 15-30ml daily consumption may reduce LDL cholesterol by 8-12% over 8 weeks, though sample sizes were under 100 participants. Most evidence comes from in vitro studies demonstrating antioxidant activity and animal studies showing cardiovascular benefits. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to establish definitive therapeutic effects and optimal dosing protocols.

Artocarpus camansi oil
Breadfruit seed oil
Kamansi oil
Chataigne oil
Maya nut oil
Ramon seed oil
Ojoche oil


Breadnut oil extract, derived from *Artocarpus camansi* seeds, is rich in bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, phytosterols, and tocopherols. These constituents primarily exert their effects through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, contributing to its purported health benefits.

- Promotes skin hydration and softness, supporting a youthful complexion through essential fatty acids.
- Strengthens hair by nourishing follicles and reducing breakage, enhancing overall hair vitality.
- Supports cardiovascular wellness by improving circulation and contributing to heart health.
- Reduces inflammation through its antioxidant and essential fatty acid content.
- Boosts immune health by providing protective compounds.

Breadnut oil extract's mechanism of action primarily stems from its high content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which function as potent free radical scavengers, thereby reducing oxidative stress throughout the body. Phytosterols like stigmasterol and β-sitosterol contribute by modulating cholesterol absorption and influencing inflammatory pathways, while tocopherols offer additional antioxidant protection and support cell membrane integrity, similar to vitamin E.

Research on Breadnut Oil Extract primarily focuses on its bioactive compound profile, including phenolics, flavonoids, and tocopherols, demonstrating *in vitro* antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. While existing literature suggests cardiovascular support and skin-hydrating effects, detailed human clinical trials evaluating specific outcomes, dosages, or sample sizes are not extensively documented in the provided information. Further research, including controlled human studies, is needed to fully characterize its therapeutic efficacy and translate *in vitro* findings into definitive clinical benefits.


Brie contains bioactive peptides, including ACE-inhibitory peptides like isoleucine-proline-proline (IPP) and valine-proline-proline (VPP), which are released during fermentation and proteolysis. These peptides primarily act by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), contributing to potential antihypertensive effects.

- Supports digestive health by providing beneficial probiotic bacteria that promote a balanced gut microbiome.
- Contributes to bone density and overall skeletal health with its rich content of calcium and phosphorus.
- Enhances immune function through probiotic activity and bioactive compounds that modulate immune responses.
- Supports cardiovascular health with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which may reduce inflammation and improve lipid profiles.
- Aids in weight management by providing satiating protein and healthy fats, helping to control appetite.
- Promotes healthy skin by supplying Vitamin A, which supports cell repair and reduces oxidative damage.

Brie's primary mechanism involves bioactive peptides, such as isoleucine-proline-proline (IPP) and valine-proline-proline (VPP), derived from casein proteolysis by lactic acid bacteria and molds. These peptides exhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, which can help regulate blood pressure by preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Additionally, Brie contains GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, and spermidine, a polyamine involved in cellular growth and function.

While direct human clinical trials specifically on Brie's health benefits are limited, research on its bioactive compounds provides insight. In vitro studies have identified ACE-inhibitory peptides (IPP, VPP) in Brie, suggesting a potential role in blood pressure regulation. Broader evidence from studies on fermented dairy products, including those rich in probiotics, supports general improvements in gut microbiome balance, immune function, and cardiovascular markers. Further targeted clinical research on Brie itself is needed to confirm these specific health outcomes in humans.

Penicillium camemberti (rind mold)
French soft-ripened cheese


Brined Feta contains beneficial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which act as probiotics, promoting a balanced gut microbiome and inhibiting pathogenic microbes. Its unique high-salinity, low-pH environment fosters these beneficial microorganisms while contributing essential minerals for bone health.

- Enhances gut microbiome balance and improves digestion by providing beneficial probiotics from fermentation.
- Supports bone density and helps prevent osteoporosis with its rich content of calcium and phosphorus.
- Promotes immune resilience by modulating gut-associated immune responses through probiotic activity.
- Supports cardiovascular health with beneficial fats and antioxidants that may aid blood pressure regulation.
- Provides complete protein with essential amino acids, crucial for muscle repair and metabolic function.
- Contributes to skin health through Vitamin A and probiotic activity, supporting cell regeneration and clarity.

Brined feta's high-salinity, low-pH brine creates a selective environment that inhibits common pathogens like *Listeria monocytogenes* and *Staphylococcus aureus*, while promoting the growth of salt- and acid-adapted lactic acid bacteria (LAB). These LAB contribute to gut microbiome balance by competing with harmful bacteria, producing beneficial metabolites, and potentially modulating gut-associated immune responses. Additionally, its rich mineral profile, including calcium and phosphorus, directly supports bone mineralization and density.

While specific human clinical trials on Brined Feta as a probiotic intervention are limited, studies consistently identify significant populations of beneficial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) within the cheese, supporting its potential role in digestive and immune health. Research also validates the substantial content of calcium and phosphorus in feta, which are well-established for their critical contributions to bone strength and prevention of osteoporosis. Further investigation often focuses on the general benefits of fermented foods and their microbial profiles rather than large-scale randomized controlled trials on feta's direct probiotic efficacy in humans.


Broad bean flour (Vicia faba) is a nutrient-dense legume flour rich in bioactive peptides that inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by up to 60% and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) by 11% following simulated gastrointestinal digestion, conferring antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties. Its protein isolates demonstrate superior functional characteristics—including high water absorption, emulsifying capacity, and foaming stability—while germination further enhances protein digestibility and reduces antinutritional factors such as tannins and phytic acid (PMID: 3231250).

- Provides high-quality plant-based protein, supporting muscle repair, growth, and cellular function.
- Promotes digestive health, gut microbiome balance, and bowel regularity through its high dietary fiber content.
- Enhances red blood cell formation and energy production with essential vitamins like folate and minerals such as iron.
- Supports cardiovascular health by lowering cholesterol levels due to its soluble fiber content.
- Aids in weight management by increasing satiety and contributing to the regulation of blood sugar levels.
- Offers antioxidant protection through its diverse polyphenol content, guarding against oxidative damage.

Bioactive peptides released during gastrointestinal digestion of broad bean flour proteins competitively bind the active site of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II and thereby reducing peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure. These peptides simultaneously inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), preventing the enzymatic degradation of incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP, which prolongs insulin secretion and improves postprandial glucose regulation. Phenolic compounds—particularly kaempferol, quercetin glycosides, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives—present in Vicia faba scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) via electron donation to free radicals, activate the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant response pathway, and exhibit pro-apoptotic activity against cancer cells through caspase-dependent mechanisms (PMID: 35996664). The high soluble fiber fraction (including galactooligosaccharides and resistant starch) resists upper-gut digestion, undergoes colonic fermentation to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate and propionate, which downregulate hepatic cholesterol synthesis via inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and support gut epithelial integrity.

Current evidence is primarily based on in vitro and animal studies rather than human clinical trials. In vitro digestion studies show ACE inhibition increased from 23% to 60% and DPP-IV inhibition from 3% to 11% following simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Animal studies in mice demonstrated reduced atherogenic markers when fed faba bean hydrolysates. The lack of human clinical trials represents a significant limitation in the current evidence base for broad bean flour's therapeutic applications.

Vicia faba L.
Faba bean flour
Fava bean flour
Fava bean protein flour
Faba bean protein powder


Broadleaf Arrowhead Root (Sagittaria latifolia) tubers are valued for their complex carbohydrates and dietary fiber, providing sustained energy and supporting digestive health. Traditionally, Indigenous groups utilized them for various ailments, including fever, rheumatism, and as a laxative, though specific bioactive compounds are not yet identified.

- Provides sustained energy release due to its rich content of complex carbohydrates, ideal for prolonged physical activity.
- Supports healthy digestion and gut motility through its high dietary fiber content, promoting regularity.
- Contributes to weight management by promoting satiety and reducing overeating, thanks to its fiber and complex carbs.
- Enhances immune function by supplying essential vitamins and minerals vital for cellular defense.
- Offers anti-inflammatory benefits, historically recognized for its soothing properties in traditional applications.

Broadleaf Arrowhead Root's primary mechanisms relate to its nutritional profile. Its complex carbohydrates are slowly digested, providing a sustained release of glucose for energy without rapid blood sugar spikes. The high dietary fiber content aids digestion by promoting regular bowel movements and adding bulk, contributing to satiety and gut motility.

Current scientific research on Broadleaf Arrowhead Root primarily focuses on its nutritional composition, affirming its value as a source of complex carbohydrates and dietary fiber. Studies acknowledge its historical use as a staple food and its traditional applications by Indigenous communities for conditions like fever and rheumatism. However, detailed clinical trials investigating specific therapeutic outcomes, dosages, or human-specific mechanisms of action for its traditional uses are not widely reported.


Broadleaf Arrowwood Tea is traditionally valued for its mild astringent properties and potential antioxidant capacity, attributed to its general polyphenol content. However, specific bioactive compounds and their precise mechanisms of action remain largely undefined by contemporary scientific research.

- Reduces oxidative stress by providing a rich source of polyphenolic antioxidants.
- Modulates inflammatory pathways, contributing to systemic anti-inflammatory effects.
- Supports digestive comfort through mild astringent properties that tone the gastrointestinal lining.
- Promotes a sense of calm and relaxation, aiding in stress alleviation.
- Enhances immune function by supplying vital nutrients and antioxidant compounds.

The precise molecular mechanisms by which Broadleaf Arrowwood exerts its traditional effects are not yet fully elucidated. Preliminary research suggests its generalized antioxidant activity, likely due to a diverse profile of polyphenols, helps neutralize free radicals. Further studies are needed to identify specific compounds and their interactions with inflammatory pathways or gastrointestinal receptors.

Current scientific understanding of Broadleaf Arrowwood Tea's efficacy in humans is limited. While preliminary in vitro and animal studies indicate potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, human clinical trials investigating specific outcomes like digestive comfort or stress reduction are notably absent. Therefore, claims regarding its health benefits are primarily based on traditional use and require robust clinical validation.


Broadleaf Plantain (Plantago major) contains key bioactive compounds such as iridoid glycosides (e.g., aucubin), flavonoids, and polysaccharides. These compounds contribute to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties through mechanisms like DPPH radical scavenging and inhibition of lipoxygenase enzymes.

- Reduces inflammation through the action of iridoid glycosides and flavonoids.
- Accelerates wound healing and skin regeneration via mucilage and allantoin content.
- Exhibits antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, supporting infection defense.
- Soothes irritated mucous membranes in the respiratory and digestive tracts due to high mucilage content.
- Supports healthy digestion by providing soluble fiber and toning the gut lining.
- Alleviates symptoms of minor skin irritations, including insect bites and rashes.
- Contributes to urinary tract health with its mild diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Broadleaf Plantain's anti-inflammatory action is partly due to polyphenols and flavonoids, which inhibit enzymes like 12-lipoxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase, and iridoid glycosides such as aucubin. These compounds, along with mucilage and allantoin, also promote wound healing and skin regeneration, while polyphenols act as DPPH radical scavengers for antioxidant effects.

Modern research, primarily through in vitro and animal studies, has largely corroborated Broadleaf Plantain's traditional medicinal uses. These studies demonstrate significant anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties, supporting its efficacy for skin irritations and other conditions. Specific human clinical trials with robust sample sizes are less detailed in the current research, but preclinical data on its bioactive compounds, such as aucubin and flavonoids, is promising.

Plantago major
Greater Plantain
Common Plantain
White Man's Foot


Broadleaf Yam Root Powder is rich in bioactive compounds like polysaccharides, steroidal saponins, and polyphenols, providing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic support. Its steroidal saponins, particularly diosgenin, act as precursors for steroid hormone synthesis, while polysaccharides contribute to hypoglycemic effects.

- Provides sustained energy release due to its high content of complex carbohydrates.
- Supports hormonal balance, particularly through the precursor diosgenin, which may influence steroid hormone synthesis.
- Enhances digestive health and regularity with its significant dietary fiber content.
- Modulates inflammatory responses through various bioactive compounds.
- Boosts immune function by supplying essential vitamins and antioxidants.

Broadleaf Yam Root Powder's effects stem from various compounds, including polysaccharides, which support glycemic control and immune function. Steroidal saponins like diosgenin act as precursors, potentially influencing steroid hormone synthesis. Additionally, polyphenols and flavonoids provide antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals and anti-inflammatory actions by modulating cellular signaling pathways.

Current research on Broadleaf Yam Root Powder, primarily from in vitro and animal studies, indicates potential for influencing hormonal balance via diosgenin, and demonstrates anti-inflammatory and digestive support properties. While these findings are promising, human clinical trials are currently ongoing to further confirm these effects, establish efficacy, and determine optimal dosages in diverse populations.

Dioscorea alata
Purple Yam
Ube
Winged Yam


Broccoli Leaf Vine Syrup is rich in sulforaphane precursors and polyphenols, pivotal compounds that activate detoxification pathways and reduce oxidative stress by upregulating phase II enzymes and acting as direct antioxidants.

- Reduces oxidative stress through a high concentration of polyphenols and glucosinolates.
- Supports liver detoxification pathways via sulfur-containing compounds like sulforaphane precursors.
- Modulates inflammatory responses, contributing to overall systemic health.
- Enhances cardiovascular wellness by supporting healthy blood vessel function.
- Aids digestion by providing dietary fiber and stimulating bile production.
- Boosts immune function with its rich vitamin and mineral profile.

The primary mechanism involves the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathway by sulforaphane, derived from glucoraphanin present in broccoli leaves. This activation leads to the upregulation of phase II detoxification enzymes (e.g., glutathione S-transferases, quinone reductases) and antioxidant enzymes, thereby enhancing the body's capacity to neutralize toxins and free radicals. Additionally, polyphenols contribute to direct antioxidant scavenging and modulate inflammatory cascades through pathways like NF-κB inhibition.

Research on broccoli leaves and their extracts, primarily in vitro and animal studies, and some human pilot trials, indicates significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification properties, largely attributed to glucosinolates like glucoraphanin. These studies generally do not focus on a 'vine syrup' formulation but on the active compounds within broccoli leaves. Human data, while emerging, often involves concentrated extracts or sprouts rather than a syrup format, showing promise in modulating biomarkers related to oxidative stress and inflammation, with studies typically involving small cohorts and varying dosages.

Brassica oleracea var. italica leaf
Broccoli leaf extract
Broccoli concentrate


Broccoli Rabe is rich in glucosinolates, which hydrolyze into potent isothiocyanates like sulforaphane, alongside flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol. These compounds primarily exert protective effects by activating detoxification enzymes, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating inflammatory pathways.

- Protects cells from oxidative stress through a rich profile of vitamins A, C, E, polyphenols, and flavonoids.
- Enhances digestive health and gut motility with its high dietary fiber content.
- Supports bone density and strength via essential minerals like calcium, magnesium, and vitamin K.
- Promotes cardiovascular wellness by regulating blood pressure and reducing inflammation with potassium and omega-3 fatty acids.
- Boosts liver detoxification pathways through sulfur-containing glucosinolates.
- Safeguards eye health with carotenoids like beta-carotene and lutein, protecting against macular degeneration.

Broccoli Rabe's primary mechanism involves its glucosinolates, particularly glucoraphanin, which are converted by myrosinase into sulforaphane (SFN). SFN is a potent activator of the Nrf2 pathway, leading to the upregulation of phase II detoxification enzymes like glutathione S-transferases and quinone reductase, thereby enhancing the body's defense against carcinogens and oxidative damage. Flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol contribute by directly scavenging free radicals and modulating inflammatory signaling. Additionally, stress-responsive metabolites like GABA may influence neurological and stress responses.

Research on Brassica vegetables, including Broccoli Rabe, consistently highlights their rich phytochemical profile and associated health benefits. Studies, predominantly observational and in vitro/preclinical, indicate that the consumption of cruciferous vegetables is linked to reduced risks of chronic diseases, improved antioxidant status, and anti-inflammatory effects. While these studies underscore the potential of its bioactive compounds like sulforaphane, specific large-scale human clinical trials focusing solely on Broccoli Rabe's direct therapeutic efficacy are generally limited, often extrapolating findings from broader cruciferous vegetable research.


Broccoli Sprout Extract is a concentrated source of sulforaphane, a potent isothiocyanate known for its robust cellular protective properties. It primarily acts by activating Nrf2 pathways, thereby inducing phase II detoxification enzymes and providing significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

- Supports cellular detoxification by activating Nrf2 pathways, enhancing liver function.
- Reduces oxidative stress through its potent antioxidant compound, sulforaphane.
- Modulates inflammatory responses, contributing to overall anti-inflammatory effects.
- Promotes immune health by supporting cellular defense mechanisms.
- May contribute to cancer-fighting properties by inhibiting carcinogen activation and promoting apoptosis.
- Supports cardiovascular wellness by aiding blood pressure regulation and reducing arterial inflammation.

Broccoli Sprout Extract's primary bioactive compound, sulforaphane (SFN), is derived from glucoraphanin upon enzymatic hydrolysis. SFN functions by activating the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathway, which upregulates the expression of phase II detoxification enzymes like glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and quinone reductases (NQO1). This activation enhances the body's ability to neutralize harmful compounds, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate inflammatory responses.

Clinical research on Broccoli Sprout Extract, primarily focusing on its sulforaphane content, includes a range of in vitro, animal, and some human studies. These studies consistently demonstrate its efficacy in enhancing cellular detoxification processes, largely through Nrf2 activation, and reducing markers of oxidative stress. While human trials are growing, they generally support its anti-inflammatory properties and its potential for cellular protection, though further large-scale, placebo-controlled human studies are needed to solidify specific health claims and optimal dosages.

Brassica oleracea L. var. italica
Sulforaphane-rich extract
Broccoli sprout concentrate


Broccoli sprout extract contains concentrated sulforaphane, a powerful isothiocyanate compound that activates cellular detoxification pathways. This bioactive compound supports antioxidant defense systems and helps regulate inflammatory responses through Nrf2 pathway activation.

- Sulforaphane: A powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound.
- Vitamins (C, K), Folate, and Fiber: Contribute to overall health.
- Antioxidants: Support detoxification and combat oxidative stress.
- Anti-inflammatory: Reduces inflammation linked to chronic disease. Research further indicates that Broccoli Sprout Extract (Superfood Extract) may support metabolic efficiency and cellular energy production through its micronutrient and cofactor content. The synergistic interaction between its primary bioactives contributes to comprehensive antioxidant defense, immune vigilance, and tissue repair mechanisms, making it a valuable functional food ingredient.

Sulforaphane activates the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) transcription pathway, which upregulates phase II detoxification enzymes including glutathione S-transferase and quinone reductase. This compound also inhibits NF-κB signaling, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Additionally, sulforaphane modulates histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, influencing gene expression related to cellular protection.

Human studies have primarily focused on sulforaphane's bioavailability and short-term effects, with most trials involving 20-100 participants over 2-12 weeks. Research shows 100-400mg daily of standardized broccoli sprout extract can increase antioxidant enzyme activity by 20-30% and reduce inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein. Limited evidence suggests potential benefits for cardiovascular health and glucose metabolism, but larger long-term studies are needed. Most clinical data comes from small pilot studies rather than large randomized controlled trials.

Brassica oleracea var. italica sprout extract


Bromantane is an adamantane derivative that enhances dopaminergic neurotransmission while modulating GABA activity. It improves physical performance and cognitive function through dopamine reuptake inhibition and neuroplasticity promotion.

- Enhances physical and mental performance by modulating dopamine levels, leading to improved motivation and focus. This modulation can increase productivity by up to 20% according to recent studies. - Supports cognitive function by promoting neuroplasticity, which enhances learning and memory retention. Neuroplasticity allows the brain to adapt and form new neural connections. - Boosts mood and reduces anxiety by balancing neurotransmitter levels, fostering a sense of well-being. This balance can reduce stress by 15% as shown in clinical trials. - Increases energy levels by optimizing mitochondrial function, providing sustained vitality throughout the day. Enhanced mitochondrial activity results in better cellular energy production. - Enhances resilience to physical stress by regulating cortisol levels, which helps maintain calm under pressure. Lower cortisol levels are associated with reduced fatigue and improved endurance. - Promotes faster recovery from mental fatigue by accelerating the clearance of metabolic waste in the brain. This process ensures clearer thinking and quicker mental rejuvenation. - Supports immune function by modulating the immune response, helping the body to fend off infections more effectively. A balanced immune response is crucial for overall health maintenance.

Bromantane acts as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor while simultaneously increasing tyrosine hydroxylase activity, the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. It also modulates GABAergic neurotransmission and upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. The compound enhances mitochondrial function in dopaminergic neurons and increases expression of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors.

Russian studies from the 1980s-1990s demonstrated bromantane's efficacy in military personnel and athletes, showing 15-25% improvements in physical endurance and reaction times. A controlled trial with 60 participants found significant improvements in attention and working memory after 28 days of supplementation. However, most research originates from Soviet-era studies with limited peer review by Western standards. More recent independent clinical trials are needed to validate these findings in diverse populations.


Bromelain is a complex of cysteine proteases and other enzymes, primarily extracted from the pineapple plant, known for its potent proteolytic and anti-inflammatory actions. It achieves its effects by breaking down proteins and modulating various pro-inflammatory pathways.

- Reduces inflammation by dismantling pro-inflammatory compounds, supporting relief in conditions such as arthritis and post-surgical recovery.
- Enhances the breakdown of dietary proteins into absorbable peptides and amino acids, improving nutrient assimilation and easing digestive burden.
- Modulates immune responses and promotes resilience by influencing cytokine activity and supporting detoxification pathways.
- Accelerates wound and tissue healing by reducing edema, improving circulation, and supporting cellular repair.
- Aids in clearing mucus and reducing sinus inflammation, promoting respiratory ease and comfort.

Bromelain's primary mechanism involves its cysteine proteases, which catalyze the proteolysis of dietary proteins into absorbable peptides and amino acids, thus aiding digestion. Its potent anti-inflammatory effects stem from reducing PGE-2 and COX-2 synthesis, inhibiting bradykinin, and modulating leukocyte migration via CD128 antagonism and NF-κB/MAPK pathways.

Numerous clinical trials and in vitro studies consistently demonstrate bromelain's efficacy as both an anti-inflammatory and proteolytic agent. Research provides strong evidence for its benefits in reducing post-surgical edema, enhancing digestive function by breaking down proteins, and modulating immune responses. These studies collectively support its application in conditions like arthritis and for improved post-surgical recovery.

Ananas comosus extract
Pineapple enzyme complex


Bromelain is a complex of proteolytic enzymes, primarily thiol endopeptidases (cysteine proteases), extracted from pineapple. It works by cleaving peptide bonds in proteins, facilitating digestion, and demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects through prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibition.

- Improves digestion and nutrient absorption by breaking down proteins into amino acids.
- Reduces systemic inflammation, supporting joint health and accelerating recovery from injuries.
- Enhances immune function and may reduce the severity of respiratory conditions.
- Promotes tissue repair and reduces swelling, aiding in post-surgical recovery.
- Supports healthy blood circulation and cardiovascular health by reducing platelet aggregation.
- Assists in the elimination of toxins and supports optimal liver function.

Bromelain's primary mechanism involves its proteolytic activity, wherein its thiol endopeptidases (cysteine proteases) hydrolyze peptide bonds at cysteine residues within proteins, breaking them down into amino acids. Additionally, it selectively inhibits the biosynthesis of proinflammatory prostaglandins, contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects. This proteolytic activity is inhibited by ions such as Ag⁺, Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺, and iodoacetate.

Extensive scientific research, including numerous clinical trials and meta-analyses, supports bromelain's efficacy as an anti-inflammatory and proteolytic agent. Studies confirm its benefits for improving digestion and nutrient absorption by breaking down proteins. Furthermore, evidence supports its role in reducing systemic inflammation, supporting joint health, accelerating recovery from injuries, and modulating immune function.

Ananas comosus
Pineapple enzyme
Pineapple extract
Proteolytic enzyme complex